1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Prince 
Nikolai 
Sergeyevich 
Trubetzkoy
(Russian: 
Никола́й 
Серге́евич Трубецко́й, IPA: [trʊbʲɪtsˈkoj]; 
16 April 1890 – 25 June 1938) was a 
Russian linguist and historian whose 
teachings formed a nucleus of the Prague 
School of structural linguistics. He is 
widely considered to be the founder of 
morphophonology. He was also associated 
with the Russian Eurasianists. 
Trubetzkoy was born into privilege. 
His father, Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy, 
came from a Lithuanian Gediminid princely 
family. In 1908, he enrolled at the Moscow University. While spending 
some time at the University of Leipzig, Trubetzkoy was taught by 
August Leskien, a pioneer of research into sound laws.After he 
graduated from the Moscow University (1913), Trubetzkoy delivered 
lectures there until the Russian Revolution, when he moved first to the 
University of Rostov-on-Don, then to the University of Sofia (1920–
1922) and finally took the chair of Professor of Slavic Philology at the 
University of Vienna (1922-1938). He died from a heart attack 
attributed to Nazi persecution after he had published an article that was 
highly critical of Hitler's theories. 
Trubetzkoy's chief contributions to linguistics lie in the domain of 
phonology, particularly in the analyses of the phonological systems of 
individual languages and in the search for general and universal 
phonological laws. His magnum opus, Grundzüge der Phonologie 
(Principles of Phonology)[3] was issued posthumously in which he 
defined the phoneme as the smallest distinctive unit within the structure 

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of a given language. It was crucial in establishing phonology as a 
discipline separate from phonetics. 
Trubetzkoy also wrote as a literary critic. In Writings on 
Literature, a brief collection of translated articles, he analyzed Russian 
literature beginning with the Old Russian epic The Tale of Igor's 
Campaign and proceeding to 19th-century Russian poetry and 
Dostoevsky. It is sometimes hard to distinguish Trubetzkoy's views 
from those of his friend Roman Jakobson, who should be credited with 
spreading the Prague School views on phonology after Trubetzkoy's 
death. 
In his biography of the mathematical collective Nicolas Bourbaki, 
Amir Aczel described Trubetzkoy as a pioneer in structuralism, an 
interdisciplinary outgrowth of structural linguistics that would be 
applied in mathematics by the Bourbaki group, as in the notion of a 
mathematical structure, and in anthropology by Claude Lévi-Strauss.