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languages with less developed morphology: English, Bulgarian,
Armenian, Persian; c) languages with non-developed morphology:
Chinese.
Syntactic typology studies the syntactic structure of different
languages, which consists of two sublevels: phrase level and sentence
level. Syntactic typology studies types of syntactic relations and
grammatical signals concerning the syntactic relations. In the system
of languages there exist the following syntactic relations: coordination,
subordination, predication. Syntactic ties are agreement, government
and adjoining. Aggreement and government are productive in Russian,
government and adjoining are productive in Uzbek, adjoining is
productive in English, though all syntactic ties, agreement, government
and adjoining, are found in the mentioned above languages. We speak
about the productivity of the definite linguistic phenomenon in the
language proceeding from its being uppermost in mind due to its usage
much wider than the other ones used for the purpose taken into
consideration
Lexical typology deals with the units of lexical level. It studies
interlingual paradigms of words, inter-lingual invariance of meanings
expressed by words and phrases. Some linguists combine lexical and
semantic typologies. Lexical typology must be studied as an
independent branch of linguistic typology, because it deals with lexical
units, while semantic typology concerns every level of language
hierarchy.
Lexical typology consists of a) lexical typology of words; b) word-
building typology; c) comparative lexicology; d) lexic-stylistic
typology; e) lexical typology of borrowings; f) lexical typology of
phraseology; g) lexical typology of proverbs and sayings and many
others. Each section has its own methods and tasks of investigation.
Lexical typology is less studied than other branches of linguistic
typology. Nevertheless, we can differentiate the main questions, which
study the lexical typology. They are 1) definition of its subject matter
and aim; 2) definition of its role in linguistic typology; 3) establishment
of the main principles of lexical universals; 4) definition of the word
structure of the languages and so on.
There are two types of typologies according to two plans of the
language:
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