1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Phoneme and sound
. The smallest of the linguistic units is the 
phoneme. A phoneme is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word
from another in a particular language. Each phoneme is stored in the 
minds of speakers as a special "acoustic-articulatory unit" or "sound 
originality" formed on the basis of a set of features that distinguish their 
type. Distinctive features of a particular phoneme are formed on the 
basis of its articulatory and acoustic properties. While articulatory signs 
are an idea of automatic, standard states in which speech organs are 
adapted to the same movement to pronounce certain sounds, acoustic 
signs are understood as the quality and quantity of pronunciation 
specific to the same type of sound. 
Uzbek-speaking people have information about 30 types of sounds 
- phonemes - in the modern Uzbek literary language. This information 
comes to life in the human mind as a result of learning a language, 
showing it to others and one's own speech. For example, the owner of 
the Uzbek language, as a result of observing the activities of his 
auditory and speech organs, pronounces the vowel [a] as the vowel, 
labial; and labial, consonance, explosiveness of the phoneme [p] , has 
a "natural" knowledge that it has such characteristics as explosiveness 
and lip-smacking characters. When speaking, one tries to animate these 
typical characters, to realize the potential of the mind, to customize the 
phonetic commonalty. 
Linguistic units are limited in number compared to spoken units, 
but their number is not small. So, they would only resort to this as a last 
resort. 
It is known that a person remembers things on the basis of their 
generalizing and distinguishing features. When there are many things 
to keep in mind, the best way to remember is to classify. The 
classification is based on identifying similarities and differences.