Questions 23–27 are based on the following reading passage.
Timelines are one of the most commonplace classroom tools used to
teach history. They
present a concise chronology with dates and events listed in a linear
narrative, forming a skeletal
story of history. Despite their usefulness in allowing students to gain a
cursory knowledge of many
key moments in the past, their bare-bones, fact-centered structure is
symptomatic of the myopic
5 character of curricula that emphasize the What, When, and Who and
eclipse the significance of
Why and How.
In the United States, by far the most common brand and format of
timeline is the World
Almanac for Kids US History Timeline—a banner set of 8 horizontal
panels each with 8 events,
beginning with Columbus’s voyage in 1492 and ending with Clinton’s
election in 1993. This
10 timeline has photos accompanying it—about 5–6 per panel—next to
most of the dates, and below
each date is a 1–2 line description of an event that took place in that
year. What immediately
commands one’s attention when looking at this timeline are the dates
themselves. Bolder and
more prominently placed than anything else, they seem to be the most
important feature of the
timeline—even more so than the events’ descriptions. The way the dates
line up in perfect order
15 presents the viewer with a rigid historical narrative, complete
with a beginning and end.
To analyze any particular timeline, it is important to recognize what
the timeline expresses
implicitly. The first implicit message transmitted by the World Almanac
for Kids U.S. History
Timeline is that each event listed on the timeline’s face must hold some
kind of particular
historical significance to qualify as one of only 64 pieces of American
history presented, though
20 no event’s entry gives even a vague explanation as to why it merits this.
The second message
the timeline conveys, simply by hanging in the classroom, is that this
version of history is an
“official” one. Third, that each of these events happened totally
independently of one another.
Fourth, that, at most, only one significant event occurred in any given
year. And finally, that
American history is entirely made up of wars and minor battles,
punctuated by the occasional
25 presidential election and technological innovation. Now, certainly, one
can easily surmise that
the timeline authors are not consciously promoting these implications,
and instead assume
that the viewer will automatically acknowledge that it is not a
comprehensive history but rather
a simple summary of selected events through time. The danger of using
the timeline as
30 tool, of course, lies squarely in that assumption. a teaching
23. The author implies which of the following?
(A)
Dates are not important in history.
(B)
Historical events are not interconnected.
(C)
Implicit messages can be as important as explicit ones.
(D)
A study of American history that does not include women and
minorities is incomplete.
(E)
American history is best thought of as a linear continuum of
events.
24. The author’s attitude toward timelines can best be described as
(A)
condescending and impertinent
(B)
tolerant and bemused
(C)
suspicious and resigned
(D)
wary and critical
(E)
negative and complacent
25. The author would most likely agree with all of the following EXCEPT:
(A)
There are more than 64 important events in American history.
(B)
Some students ascribe importance to prominent graphic position.
(C)
Timelines have some positive uses.
(D)
Timelines have no subliminal effects.
(E)
Demonstrating how events interconnect has merit.
26. According to the passage, a problem with timelines is
(A)
their prominent placement in classrooms
(B)
their lack of context
(C)
their infinite nature
(D)
their factual inaccuracy
(E)
their inclusion of photos
27. Which of the following could be substituted for the word “myopic” (line
5) without changing the meaning of the passage?
(A)
ignorant
(B)
bigoted
(C)
purblind
(D)
astigmatic
(E)
mordant
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