c
, but
c
isn’t necessary to solve!
A 10-minute call costs $2.90. That $2.90 already includes the basic
connection fee (which is a constant) as well as the per-minute fee for 10
minutes. The problem asks how much a 13-minute call costs. Add the cost for
another 3 minutes ($0.75) to the cost for a 10-minute call ($2.90): 2.90 + 0.75
= $3.65.
In fact, both the 10-minute and 16-minute calls include the same connection
fee (which is a constant), so a shortcut can be used to solve. The extra 6
minutes for the 16-minute call cost a total of $4.40 – $2.90 = $1.50. From
there, calculate the cost per minute (1.5 ÷ 6 = 0.25) or notice that 13 minutes
is halfway between 10 minutes and 16 minutes, so the cost for a 13-minute
call must also be halfway between the cost for a 10-minute call and the cost
for a 16-minute call. Add half of $1.50, or $0.75, to $2.90 to get $3.65.
19.
267.
While the sequence is clear (30, 33, 36, 39, 42, etc.), don’t spend
time counting to the 80th term. Instead, find a pattern. Each new term in the
list adds 3 to the previous term, so determine how many times 3 needs to be
added
.
(By the way, the term “arithmetic sequence” means a sequence in
which the same number is added or subtracted for each new term.)
Start with the first term, 30. To get from the first term to the second term, start
with 30 and add 3
once.
To get from the first term to the third term, start with
30 and add 3
twice.
In other words, for the third term, add one fewer instance
of 3: twice rather than three times. To write this mathematically, say: 30 +
3(
n
-1), where
n
is the number of the term. (Note: it’s not necessary to write
this out, as long as you understand the pattern.)
To get to the 80th term, then, start with 30 and add 3 exactly 79 times:
30 + (79 × 3) = 267
20.
(E).
The sequence
S
n
= 2(
S
n
– 1
) – 4 can be read as “to get any term in
sequence
S
, double the previous term and subtract 4.”
The problem gives
S
1
(the first term) and asks for
S
5
(the fifth term):
To get any term, double the previous term and subtract 4. To get
S
2
, double
S
1
(which is 6) and subtract 4:
S
2
= 2(6) – 4 = 8. Continue doubling each term
and subtracting 4 to get the subsequent term:
21.
(A).
The sequence
S
n
=
S
n
– 1
+
S
n
– 2
– 3 can be read as “to get any term in
sequence
S
, sum the two previous terms and subtract 3.”
The problem gives the first two terms and asks for the sixth term:
To get any term, sum the two previous terms and subtract 3. So the third term
will equal 5 + 0 – 3 = 2. The fourth term will equal 0 + 2 – 3 = –1. The fifth
term will equal 2 + (–1) – 3 = –2. The sixth term will equal –1 + (–2) – 3 = –
6:
22.
(D).
The sequence
S
n
=
S
n
– 1
+
S
n
– 2
– 1 can be read as “to get any term in
sequence
S
, sum the two previous terms and subtract 1.”
The problem gives the first term and the third term and asks for the fifth term:
Within the sequence
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