q
= (0.375)(8) = 3, the value for
r
is also 3. The two quantities are
equal.
33.
(A).
When a percent contains a variable, use fractions to translate.
Quantity A is:
Quantity B is:
Since
x
is positive, Quantity A is greater (this is true even if
x
is a fraction).
Alternatively, use smart numbers. If
x
= 50, then Quantity A equals:
Quantity B equals:
Quantity A is greater.
34.
216.
The percent increase from 2000 to 2001 is:
Percent Change =
Percent Change =
Now, apply a 33.3%, or
, increase to 2004’s figure. The GRE calculator
cannot accept a repeating decimal; instead, divide 162 by 3 to get the amount
of increase, and then add 162 to get the new profit per student in 2005: 162 ÷
3 + 162 = 216.
35.
(E).
First, write “
x
is 0.5% of
y
” as math. Make sure you don’t
accidentally interpret 0.5% as 50%!
The question asks “
y
is what percent of
x
?” so solve for
y
:
100
x
= 0.5
y
200
x
=
y
If
y
is 200 times
x,
multiply by 100 to convert to a percent:
The answer is 20,000%. (For reference, if one number is 2 times as big as the
other, it is 200% the size—add two zeros. So, 200 times as big = 20,000%.)
Alternatively, use smart numbers. If
y
= 100, then
x
=
(100) = 0.5. Next,
answer the question, “100 is what percent of 0.5?” Pick a new variable to
translate the “what percent” portion of the sentence:
100 =
× 0.5
10,000 = 0.5
n
20,000 =
n
(In translating percents problems to math, always translate “what percent” as
a variable over 100.)
36.
(C).
Bill’s tax is (0.20)($5,000) = $1,000. Thus, his remaining salary is
$4,000. His rent is therefore (0.25)($4000) = $1,000. The two quantities are
equal.
37.
(B).
If four people shared the $80 bill equally, then each person paid for
one-quarter of the bill, or
= $20.
The tip is calculated as a percent of the bill. Because the question asks about
the amount that each (one) person paid, calculate the 15% tip based solely on
one person’s portion of the bill ($20): (0.15)(20) = $3.
In total, each person paid $20 + $3 = $23.
Alternatively, find the total of the bill plus tip and take one-fourth of that for
the total contribution of each person. The total of bill and tip is $80 + (0.15)
($80) = $80 + $12 = $92. One-fourth of this is
= $23.
38.
(B).
Use a smart number for the price of the stock; for a percent problem,
$100 is a good choice. The price of the stock after a 25% increase is (1.25) ×
$100 = $125.
Next, find the percent decrease (
y
) needed to reduce the price back to the
original $100. Because $125 – $25 = $100, rephrase the question: 25 is what
percent of 125?
You have to reduce 125 by 20% in order to get back to $100. Therefore,
Quantity A is 20%, so Quantity B is greater.
39.
(C).
The chemist now has 10 ounces of acetone in a 30-ounce mixture, so
she must have 20 ounces of water. The question ask how many ounces of
acetone must be added to make this mixture a 50% solution. No additional
water is added, so the solution must finish with 20 ounces of water. Therefore,
she also needs a total of 20 ounces of acetone, or 10 more ounces than the
mixture currently contains.
Note that one trap answer is (B), or 5. This answer is not correct because the
final number of ounces in the solution is
not
30; when the chemist adds
acetone, the amount of total solution also increases—adding 5 ounces acetone
would result in a solution that is
acetone, which is not equivalent
to a 50% mixture.
40.
(C).
Choose a smart number for the total number of games; for a percent
problem, 100 is a good number to pick. If the total number of games for the
season is 100 and the team played 80% of them by July, then the team played
(100)(0.8) = 80 games. The team won 50% of these games, or (80)(0.5) = 40
games.
Next, the team won 60% of its
remaining
games. As there were 100 total
games and the team has played 80 of them, there are 20 games left to play. Of
these, the team won 60%, or (20)(0.6) = 12 games.
Therefore, the team has won a total of 40 + 12 = 52 games out of 100, or 52%
of its total games. The two quantities are equal.
Alternatively, this problem could be done using weighted averages, where the
total percent of games won is equal to the sum of all of the individual percents
multiplied by their weightings. In this case:
Total Percent Won = (50%)(80%) + (60%)(100% – 80%) × 100%
Total Percent Won = [(0.5)(0.8) + (0.6)(0.2)] × 100%
Total Percent Won = [(0.4) + (0.12)] × 100%
Total Percent Won = 0.52 × 100%
Total Percent Won = 52%
41.
(B).
In order to compare, use the calculator to find 0.4% of 4% of 1.25 (be
careful with the decimals!):
0.004 × 0.04 × 1.25 = 0.0002
Or, as fractions:
Quantity B is greater.
42.
(D).
Originally, Jane had a 40-ounce mixture of apple and seltzer that was
30% apple. Since 0.30(40) = 12, 12 ounces were apple and 28 ounces were
seltzer.
When Jane pours 10 more ounces of apple juice into the mixture, it yields a
mixture that is 50 ounces total, still with 28 ounces of seltzer. Now, the
percent of seltzer in the final mixture is
× 100 = 56%.
43.
(A).
Choose a smart number for the total number of shirts in the closest;
this is a percent problem, so 100 is a good number to pick. Out of 100 shirts,
half, or 50, are white.
You know 30% of the
remaining
shirts are gray. If there are 50 white shirts,
there are also 50 remaining shirts and so (0.3)(50) = 15 gray shirts. Therefore,
there are 50 + 15 = 65 total shirts that are white or gray, and 100 – 65 = 35
shirts that are neither white nor gray. Since 35 out of 100 shirts are neither
white nor gray, exactly 35% of the shirts are neither white nor gray.
Alternatively, use algebra, though that is trickier on a problem such as this
one. Set a variable, such as
x
, for the total number of shirts. The number of
white shirts is 0.5
x
and the remaining shirts would equal
x
– 0.5
x
= 0.5
x
. The
number of gray shirts, then, is (0.5
x
)(0.3) = 0.15
x
. Thus, there are 0.5
x
+
0.15
x
= 0.65
x
white or gray shirts, and
x
– 0.6
x
= 0.35
x
shirts that are neither
white nor gray. Therefore, 0.35
x
÷
x
= 0.35, or 35%.
44.
(A).
Choose smart numbers for the dimensions of the rectangle—for
instance, length = 20 and width = 10.
The original area of the rectangle = length × width = 200
After a 10% increase for both the length and the width, the area becomes 22 ×
11 = 242.
Use the formula for percent change:
Quantity A is greater.
Alternatively, use logic. The formula for area requires multiplying the length
and the width. If just one side is increased by 10%, then the overall area will
increase by 10%. If two sides are increased by 10%, then the overall area will
increase by more than 10%.
45.
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