84.
Randomness, happenstance.
The subject matter of this sentence, “cause-
and-effect relationships,” makes “causality” and “intentionality” very
tempting answers. However, most people
do
understand causality (or at least
think they do) so the blank, which represents something that people don’t
understand, is going to mean the exact opposite of “straightforward and
direct” causality, such as “randomness” or “happenstance.” “Mathematics”
and “science” may be difficult for some people to understand, but a solid
understanding of causality would actually help people understand those
subjects, so they are incorrect choices.
85.
Laziness, sloth.
On the one hand, the professor believes that all her
students are “well-qualified academically.” On the other hand, some students
do poorly in the professor’s class. So if they’re doing poorly despite being
qualified, she assumes that each of these students isn’t trying hard.
“Ineptness” and “incompetence” make for a really appealing pair here, as
both could describe a student who is doing poorly in a class. However, this
pair does not also account for the fact that the students are “well-qualified”
and, therefore, can’t be considered inept. “Laziness” and “sloth,” which
means laziness or a reluctance to work, both fill this blank nicely and are the
correct answers. It’s worth noticing the other pair here, “moral turpitude” and
“amorality,” both of which mean a lack of morals. While the students might
be lazy, there is no evidence that their poor performance has anything to do
with their morals.
86.
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