About Computers

Abu Arrayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al - Biruni
Born: 15 Sept 973 in Kath, Khwarazm (now Khorezm province, Uzbekistan.) Died: 13 Dec 1048 in Ghazna (now Ghazni, Afganistan.) Al - Biruni is one of the major figures of Islamic mathematics. He contributed to astronomy, mathematics, physics, medicine and history. Abu Rayhan al - Biruni was born in Khwarazm, a region adjoining the Aral Sea now known as Karakalpakstan. The two major cities in this region were Kath and Jurjaniyya. Al - Biruni was born near Kath and the town were he was born is today called Biruni after the great scholar. He lived both in Kath and in Jurjaniyya as he grew up and we know that he began studies at a very early age under the famous astronomer and mathematician Abu Nasr Mansur. The total number of works produced by al - Biruni during his lifetime is impressive. It is estimated, that he wrote around 146 works with a total of about 13,000 folios (a folio contains about the same amount as a printed page from a modern book). The range of al - Biruni’s works covers essentially the whole of science at his time.
Famous Scientists of Uzbekistan
Muhammad Musa Al-KHWARAZMI (Al-Khwārizmī) : born around 783, at Khwarezm in Greater Khorasan (modern Xorazm Region, Uzbekistan). He died around 850 at Bagdad. He was a Persian mathematician, astronomer and geographer during the Abbasid Caliphate, a scholar in the House of Wisdom, Academy of Sciences located in Baghdad. formerly Latinized as Algoritmi, was In the 12th century, Latin translations of his work on the Indian numerals introduced the decimal positional number system to the Western world. Al-Khwārizmī’s The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations in Arabic. In Renaissance Europe, he was considered the original inventor ofalgebra, although it is now known that his work is based on older Indian or Greek sources. He revised Ptolemy‘s Geography and wrote on astronomy and astrology.
Some words reflect the importance of al-Khwārizmī’s contributions to mathematics. “Algebra” is derived from al-jabr, one of the two operations he used to solve quadratic equations. Algorism and algorithm stem from Algoritmi, the Latin form of his name. His name is also the origin of (Spanish) guarismo[ and of (Portuguese) algarismo, both meaning digit.
Al-Khwārizmī’s contributions to mathematics, geography, astronomy, and cartography established the basis for innovation in algebra and trigonometry. His systematic approach to solving linear and quadratic equations led to algebra, a word derived from the title of his 830 book on the subject, “The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing”.