Academic/General Training Module by Adam Smith First Published in 2015

SECTION 3 
In its essentials, a muang faai system consists of a small reservoir which feeds an 
intricate,branching network of small channels carrying water in carefully calibrated 
quantities through clusters of rice terraces in valley bottoms. The system taps into a 
stream above the highest rice field and, when there is sufficient water, discharges back 
into the same stream at a point below the bottom field. The water in the reservoir at 
the top, which is diverted into a main channel (Iam muang) and from there into the 
different fields, is slowed or held back not by an impervious dam, but by a series of 
barriers constructed of bunches of bamboo or saplings which allow silt, soil and sand 
to pass through. 
SECTION 4 
Water from the Iam muang is measured out among the farmers according to the 
extent of their rice fields and the amount of water available from the main channel. 
Also considered are the height of the fields, their distance from the main channel and 
their soil type. The size and depth of side-channels are then adjusted so that only the 
allocated amount of water flows into each farmer's field. 

---

 IELTS
 JOURNAL 
 
161 
SECTION 5 
Rituals and beliefs connected with muang faai reflect the villagers' submission to, 
respect for, and friendship with nature, rather than an attempt to master it . In 
mountains, forests, watersheds and water,villagers see things of great value and 
power.This power has a favourable aspect, and one that benefits humans. But at the 
same time,if certain boundaries are overstepped and nature is damaged, the spirits 
will punish humans. Therefore, when it is necessary to use nature for the necessities of 
life, villagers take care to inform the spirits what they intend to do, simultaneously 
begging pardon for their actions.