IELTS
JOURNAL
171
17.
Section F
Job Sharing
Section A
Job sharing refers to situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-
time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between
them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker.
If they each work half the job, for
example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job's wages, its holidays and its other
benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the
responsibilities
of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits.
Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it is mainly (although not
exclusively ) occurring in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which entail
higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment . Until recently, these
characteristics were not generally seen as compatible with anything
less than full-time
employment. Thus, the demands of job sharing are reciprocated by better pay and
conditions and, ideally, more satisfaction than conventional part-time work.
Section B
Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which pertains to
increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of
hours of each existing job
,thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job
sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus,
rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers
and professionals who want
more free time for other pursuits.
Section C
As would be expected, women comprise the bulk of job sharers. A survey carried out in
1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) revealed that 78per cent of
shares
were female, the majority of whom were between the ages of 20 and 40 years
of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women
were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek
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