part of the people, since every persecution which occurs without
a spiritual basis seems morally unjustified and whips up precisely
the more valuable parts of a people in protest, which results in an
adoption of the spiritual content of the unjustly persecuted
movement. In many this occurs simply through a feeling of
opposition against the attempt to bludgeon down an idea by brute
force.
As a result, the number of inward supporters grows in proportion
as the persecution increases. Consequently, the complete
annihilation of the new doctrine can be carried out only through a
process of extermination so great and constantly increasing that
in the end all the truly valuable blood is drawn out of the people
or state in question. The consequence is that, though a socalled
'inner' purge can now take place, it will only be at the cost of
total impotence. Such a method will always prove vain in
advance if the doctrine to be combated has overstepped a certain
small circle.
Consequently, here, too, as in all growth, the first period of
childhood is most readily susceptible to the possibility of
extermination, while with the mounting years the power of
resistance increases and only with the weakness of approaching
old age cedes again to new youth, though in another form and for
different reasons.
Indeed, nearly all attempts to exterminate a doctrine and its
organizational expression, by force without spiritual foundation,
are doomed to failure, and not seldom end with the exact
opposite of the desired result for the following reason:
The very first requirement for a mode of struggle with the
weapons of naked force is and remains persistence. In other
words: only the continuous and steady application of the methods
for repressing a doctrine, etc., makes it possible for a plan to
succeed. But as soon as force wavers and alternates with
forbearance, not only will the doctrine to be repressed recover
again and again, but it will also be in a position to draw new
benefit from every persecution, since, after such a wave of
pressure has ebbed away, indignation over the suffering induced
leads new supporters to the old doctrine, while the old ones will
cling to it with greater defiance and deeper hatred than before,
and even schismatic heretics, once the danger has subsided, will
attempt to return to their old viewpoint. Only in the steady and
constant application of force lies the very first prerequisite for
success. This persistence, however, can always and only arise
from a definite spiritual conviction. Any violence which does not
spring from a firm, spiritual base, will be wavering and
uncertain. It lacks the stability which can only rest in a fanatical
outlook. It emanates from the momentary energy and brutal
determination of an individual, and is therefore subject to the
change of personalities and to their nature and strength.
Added to this there is something else:
Any philosophy, whether of a religious or political nature and
sometimes the dividing line is hard to determinefights less for
the negative destruction of the opposing ideology than for the
positive promotion of its own. Hence its struggle is less
defensive than offensive. It therefore has the advantage even in
determining the goal, since this goal represents the victory of its
own idea, while, conversely, it is hard to determine when the
negative aim of the destruction of a hostile doctrine may be
regarded as achieved and assured. For this reason alone, the
philosophy's offensive will be more systematic and also more
powerful than the defensive against a philosophy, since here, too,
as always, the attack and not the defense makes the decision. The
fight against a spiritual power with methods of violence remains
defensive, however, until the sword becomes the support, the
herald and disseminator, of a new spiritual doctrine.
Thus, in summing up, we can establish the following:
Any attempt to combat a philosophy with methods of violence
will fail in the end, unless the fight takes the form of attack for a
new spiritual attitude. Only in the struggle between two
philosophies can the weapon of brutal force, persistently and
ruthlessly applied lead to a decision for the side it supports.
This remained the reason for the failure of the struggle against
Marxism.
This was why Bismarck's Socialist legislation finally failed and
had to fail, in spite of everything. Lacking was the platform of a
new philosophy for whose rise the fight could have been waged.
For only the proverbial wisdom of high government officials will
succeed in believing that drivel about socalled 'state authority' or
'law and order' could form a suitable basis for the spiritual
impetus of a lifeanddeath struggle.
Since a real spiritual basis for this struggle was lacking,
Bismarck had to entrust the execution of his Socialist legislation
to the judgment and desires of that institution which itself was a
product of Marxist thinking. By entrusting the fate of his war on
the Marxists to the wellwishing of bourgeois democracy, the
Iron Chancellor set the wolf to mind the sheep.
All this was only the necessary consequence of the absence of a
basic new antiMarxist philosophy endowed with a stormy will
to conquer.
Hence the sole result of Bismarck's struggle was a grave
disillusionment.
Were conditions different during the World War or at its
beginning? Unfortunately not.
The more I occupied myself with the idea of a necessary change
in the government's attitude toward Social Democracy as the
momentary embodiment of Marxism, the more I recognized the
lack of a serviceable substitute for this doctrine. What would be
given the masses if, just supposing, Social Democracy had been
broken? There was not one movement in existence which could
have been expected to succeed in drawing into its sphere of
influence the great multitudes of workers grown more or less
leaderless. It is senseless and more than stupid to believe that the
international fanatic who had left the class party would now at
once join a bourgeois party, in other words, a new class
organization. For, unpleasant as it may seem to various
organizations, it cannot be denied that bourgeois politicians
largely take class division quite for granted as long as it does not
begin to work out to their political disadvantage.
The denial of this fact only proves the effrontery, and also the
stupidity, of the liars.
Altogether, care should be taken not to regard the masses as
stupider than they are. In political matters feeling often decides
more correctly than reason. The opinion that the stupid
international attitude of the masses is sufficient proof of the
unsoundness of the masses' sentiments can be thoroughly
confuted by the simple reminder that pacifist democracy is no
less insane, and that its exponents originate almost exclusively in
the bourgeois camp. As long as millions of the bourgeoisie still
piously worship their Jewish democratic press every morning, it
very ill becomes these gentlemen to make jokes about the
stupidity of the 'comrade' who, in the last analysis, only swallows
down the same garbage, though in a different form. In both cases
the manufacturer is one and the same Jew.
Good care should be taken not to deny things that just happen to
be true. The fact that the class question is by no means
exclusively a matter of ideal problems, as, particularly before the
elections, some people would like to pretend, cannot be denied.
The class arrogance of a large part of our people, and to an even
greater extent, the underestimation of the manual worker, are
phenomena which do not exist only in the imagination of the
moonstruck.
Quite aside from this, however, it shows the small capacity for
thought of our socalled 'intelligentsia' when, particularly in these
circles, it is not understood that a state of affairs which could not
prevent the growth of a plague, such as Marxism happens to be,
will certainly not be able to recover what has been lost.
The 'bourgeois' parties, as they designate themselves, will never
be able to attach the 'proletarian' masses to their camp, for here
two worlds oppose each other, in part naturally and in part
artificially divided, whose mutual relation 1 can only be struggle.
The younger will be victoriousand this is Marxism.
Indeed, a struggle against Social Democracy in the year 1914
was conceivable, but how long this condition would be
maintained, in view of the absence of any substitute, remained
doubtful.
Here there was a great gap.
I was of this opinion long before the War, and for this reason
could not make up my mind to join one of the existing parties. In
the course of events of the World War, I was reinforced in this
opinion by the obvious impossibility of taking up a ruthless
struggle against Social Democracy, owing to this very lack of a
movement which would have had to be more than a
'parliamentary' party.
With my closer comrades I often expressed myself openly on this
point.
And now the first ideas came to me of later engaging in political
activity.
Precisely this was what caused me often to assure the small circle
of my friends that after the War, I meant to be a speaker in
addition to my profession.
I believe that I was very serious about this.
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