Aliqulov Javohir

Aliqulov Javohir

Banking and financial problems

Plan:
1. Problems and shortcomings of banks.
2. Priorities in the banking sector and measures aimed at their development.
3. The nature and functions of finance
The following examples can be given as problems in the banking sector. For example, financial and human resources are used inefficiently as a result of high state involvement in the banking system,
- their corporate governance and risk management systems are not properly implemented.
- In addition, state-owned banks should perform the role of traditional "development banks" that allocate loans to priority programs, sectors and enterprises with a state share at rates lower than market rates, - the rapid growth of lending and, as a result, negative indicators of liquidity and capital adequacy, which represent the level of stability of banks. affecting
- incorrect formation of price signals in the financial market as a result of the high share of preferential loans.
- as well as the fact that monetary policy has a negative effect on the operation of transmission mechanisms,
- high level of dollarization, as well as the weakness of the banking system's tolerance to currency, credit and liquidity risks as a result of the concentration (concentration) of loans and deposits in large enterprises and separate sectors of the economy are among the problems in the field.
- In addition, corruption and nepotism are evident in the field.
- the lack of qualified personnel in the field, such as deficiencies, today require the development of the priority areas that should be implemented in the field and the implementation of measures.
In order to eliminate problems and shortcomings in the banking sector, the following measures are being implemented.
First, the reduction of the state share in the banking system is an important factor in the development of the banking system.
Secondly, the process of privatization of state-owned banks should open the way to influential and high-quality shareholders with advanced technological solutions and advanced banking experience, as well as sufficient financial capabilities.
Thirdly, one of the main conditions for the success of the reforms is full privatization of banks, not partial.
Fourthly, the parallel reform of state-owned banks and real sector enterprises plays an important role in the effectiveness of economic reforms. At the same time, restructuring and privatization of state-owned enterprises will increase their economic opportunities and sharply reduce state intervention in the activities of banks.
Fifth, in the period of reforms, it is advisable to maintain the state's share in some banks in order not to limit the demand for loans of state-owned enterprises and to ensure financial popularity.
Finance as an economic category includes economic relations in the sphere of their distribution and use in the creation of monetary resources in the national economy.
The development of the society, the well-being of the population, ensuring the peace of the country, etc., are based on finance.
Finance is derived from the Latin word "Finansia" and means money calculations. The word finance was first used in Italy in the 13th century, and then in France in the 16th century as the essence of the state's income and expenses.
Currently, Finance is monetary relations in the creation and use of various centralized and decentralized monetary funds as a result of the distribution and redistribution of gross domestic product and national income.
It should be noted that not all monetary relations are financial relations. In particular, monetary relations that arise between civil and retail trade (even in the conditions of regulation of retail prices by the state) are not included in financial relations due to state regulation by civil-legal method.
Financial relations are mutual relations of economic subjects regarding financial resources.
Finance as a historical category appeared in the conditions of commodity-money relations and exists together with it. The need for finance also comes from the existence of the state, because the state, based on its mission, protects the environment, defends, maintains social order, provides money to intangible sectors, protects the disadvantaged sections of the population from the social aspect, and provides expanded reproduction conditions. .is implemented by establishing centralized money funds.
Thus, finance is the sum of economic money relations, which is created with the help of it, and by the distribution and redistribution of the total social product and national income, the enterprise, organization, association, and the state are expanded based on the organization of monetary income and centralized savings. is to implement reproduction and ensure the satisfaction of the population's material and cultural needs.