trend of American thought in the nineties was reactionary. Jefferson had noticed this too when he
returned from Europe. He, who had seen the razing of the Bastille by the masses and had listened to the
speeches of Mirabeau, was seriously alarmed at the extreme Federalist tendency to ignore the rights of
the people. When in 1790 Jefferson became Secretary of State in Washington’s cabinet, he wanted a
newspaper to counterbalance this trend. He offered Freneau the post of the translator in the Department
was issued for three years. Hamilton, first Secretary of the Treasury, with a view to disrupt Freneau’s
work a tax upon newspapers. Freneau attacked this Federalist policy in his “A Tax upon Newspapers”
3
All his life Freneau was hearty accord with agrarian, anti-British and anti-capitalist ideas. “Equal
rights to all and special privilege to none” was the keynote of Freneau’s writings. He was one of the
first who had understood that if do not look out, speculators and bankers would try to get the upper hand
in government. His alarm is felt in the poem “A Warning to America”:
Another poem written in 1795,”The American Soldier”, belongs to Freneau’s masterpieces. He
shows the fate of soldiers after the war:
Freneau ends the poem by saying that the gains of the Revolution go into other hands, that the
country gives nothing to the soldier but “Famine and a name”.
Freneau also wrote prose. He published series of letters and essays and worthy of note is a
touching story about an old soldier and Freneau’s journalist career came to an end in 1809 when
Jefferson of office ended. Jefferson said that Freneau had “saved our Constitution which was galloping
fast into monarchy “. The final edition of Freneau’s poems appeared in 1815. The last years of his life,
he lived in poverty nearly forgotten by his contemporaries. In December 1832, he got lost a blinding
snowstorm two miles away from his home, and was forty dying of exposure the next morning.
American poetry of Enlightenment followed in the wake
1
of English poetry. As you have seen
from the extracts given in this chapter, Freneau imitated the form of verse invented by the great English
classicists and sentimentalists. Freneau was neo-classical by training and taste, romantic in essential
spirit. He was at once a poet of Reason and of love fancy.
Philip Freneau is recognized as one of the first truly American poet. He was the poet American
independence, the poet revolution against monarchies. He was the poet-journalist of contemporary
affairs and his life he fought for freedom in America. At the same time he was one the first Romantic
poets who introduced the American landscape American Indian into popular literature. Freneau, as a
poet, did establish new trends, but his works helped the poets who came after to do so. Thanks to him
American poetry remained true to democratic ideas.so he may truly he considered the Father of
American poets.
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