Anesthesiologists are involved: Anesthesiologists are involved

Shock is presumed to be a consequence of hemorrhage until proved otherwise.

• Assessment of the circulation consists of:

• an early phase, during active hemorrhage

• late phase, which begins when hemostasis is achieved and continues until normal physiology is restored.

• In the early phase, diagnostic efforts will focus on the five sites of bleeding detailed

• they are the only areas in which Exanguinating hemorrhage can occur.

Neurologic examination:

• Neurologic examination:

• measurement of the Glasco Coma Scale (GCS) score; examination of the pupils for size, reactivity, and symmetry

• determination of preserved sensation and motor function in each of the extremities.

• In few patients who require operative evacuation of an epidural or subdural hematoma, the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment has a strong influence on outcome.

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