Anesthesiologists are involved: Anesthesiologists are involved

patients with unstable spinal canal injuries and incomplete neurologic deficits may benefit from early operative intervention.

The final step in the primary survey is complete exposure of the patient and a

• The final step in the primary survey is complete exposure of the patient and a

• head-to-toe search for visible injuries or deformity-soft tissue bruising, and any breaks in the skins.

secondary survey:

• secondary survey:

• history and physical examination

• diagnostic studies

• subspecialty consultation

• treatment plans established

• Indications for urgent or emergency surgery:

• pulseless extremity,

• compartment syndrome

• near amputation

• massively fractured extremity

• must go to the operative room as soon as possible.

• Infection:

• sepsis is a leading cause of complications and death in trauma patien:

•