Approach paper for linking of outbreaks and epidemiological data of animal diseases in West Bengal for development of disease based prediction model, animal health database, disease monitoring and surveillance and epidemiological mapping
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- Fig 4. Predicted Strongyle infection depending on maximum temperature
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Approach paper for linking of outbreaks and epidemiological data of animal diseases in West Bengal for development of disease based
prediction model, animal health database, disease monitoring and surveillance and epidemiological mapping. Drafted by Dr Tara Sankar Pan, Deputy Director ARD, Epidemiological Unit, IAH&VB, Kolkata. Dr. Sunit Mukhopadhyay, Professor and Head, West Bengal University of Animal Science and Fisheries, Kolkata Dr. Subhasish Bandyopadhyay, Senior scientist, Eastern Regional Station of IVRI, Kolkata In West Bengal ARD department has a good net work for animal disease repoting system from grass root Gram Panchayet level to State level. All outbreaks are recorded and complied in the Epidemiological Unit monthly basis on basis of clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Sources of animal disease outbreaks data : The data are collected for Epidemiological study under Disease Surveillance Scheme from the existing infrastructure of the Animal Resources & Animal Health Directorate of the state. For the shake of convenience, the infrastructure has been divided into three tires viz., a) Primary reporter i.e. at peripheral level detection, b) Intermediary compiler i.e. at the district level, c) Immediate consumers i.e. state level (Epidemiological Unit). Govt. Sectors Animal Development Aid Centre, Block Animal Health Centre, Additional Block Animal Health Centre, State Animal Health Centre, Policlinics, Regional Laboratory, Veterinary Pathological Labs. Govt. Farms Peripheral level (Primary Reporter)
Out of the large number of notifiable disease prevalent in the country, only 22 (twenty two) are being routinely reported by the state to the Animal Husbandry Deptt., Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India. These diseases are listed below and out of which a few are described elaborately with maps which were prevailed in this state during the years Disease reported to the govt. of India monthly :
Diseases are diagnosed on the basis of available diagnostic facility exiting in the Animal Resources Development department of the state indifferent level as mentioned bellow:- FMD
DI RDDL DATA BANK NPRE
OIEADS of GOVT.OF INDIA ANALYSIS DATA 
ADMAS of ICAR REF. LABS.IN IAH&VB,KOLKATA  
 
 
DAH&VS  
REPORT   
OTHER CONCERN AGENCIES
DD ARD& PO REGIONAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS LABS DIST. LABS 
 
  
 
 
BLDO
BLDO
BAHC
ABAHC SAHC Vety. Pathologist. LDSs, PBs of GPs Mapping is done on the basis of total number of outbreaks recorded during a particular year. One Example is given bellow:- Epidemiological Map on Distribution B.Q. Outbreaks 2008-09 
0 - OBs00 Format recording of outbreaks through existing animal health information system. ANIMAL DISEASE SURVEILLANCE WEST BENGAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA Name of the Institution _______________________________________ Name of the Unit / District_________________________________Month__________________/20
Comments: Additional information Signature____________________ Designation__________________ Memo No._____________________/ Dated_______________/ Copy forwarded for information and necessary action to:- 1) In charge, Epidemiological Unit, Instt. of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals, 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata – 700 037
As the prevalence of this infection is mainly dependent on rainfall and humidity, study was initiated to identify the relationship between rainfall and strongyle infection. For this study, a total of 303 cattle and 253 pig faecal (stool) samples were collected from Govt. livestock farms located at Kyrdemkulai, Upper Shillong and Jowai in Meghalaya during the year 2001 and 2004. Meteorological data were collected from Govt. Meteorological department of Shillong. Samples were collected in the early morning and were processed and examined using standard parasitological procedures. The egg per gram of faeces (epg) were counted using stoll egg counting method. The incidence of strongyle infection in different areas of Meghalaya and the Meteorological parameters are presented in Table 1. Rainfall and egg per gram of faeces (epg) of strongyle infection has shown a linear and positive relationship. Rainfall contributed maximum effect on parasitic infection as compared to maximum and minimum temperature (Table 2). Rainfall contributed more than 50 per cent for the occurrence of the parasitic infection in cattle and pig but maximum and minimum environmental temperature contributed above 25 percent for the occurrence of strongyle infection in animals (Table 2). Regression analysis between strongyle infection and rainfall showed that 1 percent increase in rainfall predict 0.03 percent increase in strongyle infection . The predicted strongyle infection was calculated using the equation depicted in the regression analysis which showed a higher strongyle infection than the observed infection ( Fig 1 to 6). This might be due to anthelmintic (drug) treatment and other control measures taken by the Govt. farm for preventing the parasitic infection. This might also be due to the fact that 50 percent of strongyle infection is dependent on rainfall. Onyiah (1985) also predicted the environmental temperature and development of parasites on pasture using Stochastic Development Fraction Model (SDFM). Finally the multiple regression of disease infected with all the above-mentioned parameters were analysed. The coefficient of multiple determination ( R2) explained more when we include temperature (max, min) and rainfall together as compared to single multiple regression of individual factor like rainfall, maximum temperature and minimum temperature. Interestingly, except rainfall, all other factors are statistically insignificant both at 5 per cent and 10 per cent probability level, whereas, the coefficient of rainfall is significant at 1 per cent probability level. From the above discussion it may be concluded that the occurrence of the strongyle infection can mainly be predicted through rainfall instead of temperature Table 1. Egg per gram of faeces (epg) of strongyle parasite and meteorological parameters in Govt. farms of pig and cattle in Meghalaya during 2001 – 02
Table 2. Statistical analysis of parasitic infection and meteorological parameters
Fig 1. Relationship between rainfall and occurrence of Strongyle infection in Meghalaya during 2001 – 02 
Fig 2. Relationship between maximum temperature and occurrence of Strongyle Infection
Fig 3. Relationship between minimum Temperature and occurrence of Strongyle infection
Fig 4. Predicted Strongyle infection depending on maximum temperature
Fig 5. Predicted and observed Strongyle infection in relation to minimum temperature
Fig 6. Predicted and observed Strongyle infection in relation to rainfall
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