Journal of Sustainability Science and Management
Volume 14 Number 2, April 2019 : 157-171
Umar Lawal Dano and Ali Muflah Alqathany
159
study concluded that the origin of intercity
trips had an influence on the mode of transport
between Riyadh and Gulf Corporation Council
(GCC) countries.
Al-Faleh (2005) investigated the problems
of public transport networks and coverage.
The author suggested an organized body to
manage the whole network in GCC countries.
Another study conducted by Alterkawi (2006)
used the FORTRAN program to simulate the
best bus stop spacing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
They concluded that an effective bus system
should be based on the optimum distance
between bus stops in the city. Al-Sharif (2010)
and Dano (2018) highlighted the lack of public
transport provision and utilization in Saudi
Arabia, and the negative consequences on
the people and the environment. Among the
problems they highlighted are road accidents
(causing injuries, permanent disability and
death), traffic congestion, GHG emissions,
health complications and economic cost.
Ratrout
et al. (2018) developed mode-choice
models for schoolboys in Al-Khobar and
Dhahran metropolitan areas using logit models
for the present mode choices and a hypothetical
bus service for future modes choices. The
study found that the family income was the
major factor that determined mode choice
decisions. In Jeddah, Aljoufie, (2016) employed
questionnaires to explore determinants of
public transport planning based on the mode
preference, walking distance, comfort and
number of transfers. The study concluded that
the public transport system in the city needed
more privacy and to fulfil the requirements
of family members to increase its utilization.
Alotaibi & Potoglou (2018) conducted in-depth
interviews with transport experts and officials on
the importance of introducing public transport
services in Riyadh. The interviewees concluded
that it would help to improve mobility, create
employment opportunities and decrease travel
time in the Saudi capital. Assi
et al. (2018) used
logistic regression and multilayer perception
neural networks (MLPs) in predicting the mode-
choice behavior of high school students in Al-
Khobar based on family income, travel timeand
parents’ education level. The study concluded
that MLP provided a better way for predicting
and explaining the mode choice behavior of
high school students in Saudi Arabia as a whole.
Alotaibi and Potoglou (2017) investigated
whether the transport policy measures in Riyadh
could encourage the use of public transport. The
authors concluded that improved infrastructure,
affordable parking charges; proper transit-
oriented development sites, enhanced facilities
and provision of separate carriageways for
families are the most effective strategies to
increase the utilization of public transport.
Aldalbahi & Walker (2016) investigated the
reason behind the increase in car ownership
and its influence on the use of public transport
in Riyadh. The authors found that based on the
review of historical and future developments of
the Saudi capital, there was a need to go
beyond engineering solutions by considering
the entire system, including community
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