International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (ijaar)

II.Discussion 
The famous Russian geographer P.P. Semyonov-
Tyanshansky (1827-1914) laid the foundation for the 
geographical study of Central Asia, especially the Tianshan 
ridges. He explored Altai, Tarbagatai, Semirin, Alatov and 
Issyk-Kul. Based on the information he collected, the 
problem of the existence of Alpine glaciers in Tianshan was 
resolved positively. The German geographer Humboldt's 
views on the volcanic events in Tianshan were rejected. 
Russian naturalist and traveler A.P. Fedchenko 
(1844-1873) played a major role in the study of the nature of 
Turkestan. He was the first to explore the Fergana Valley 
and Alay. The ridge behind the Alay is also home to the 
mountains and the highest peaks. He also explored the 
Zarafshan Valley and the Kyzylkum Desert. The Fedchenko 
Glacier in the Alay Mountains is named in his honor 
[2,p.56]. 
Geologist and geographer I.V. Mushketov's (1850-
1902) scientific services are also great. He first demonstrated 
the geological foundations of the Northern Tianshan Ridge 
Mountain Orography. He described the many minerals in 
Turkestan and compiled a "preliminary list of Turkestan 
minerals." During his research in 1877-1879, he traveled to 
the Kyzylkum along the Alay, Pamir, Bukhara, Gissar and 
Amudarya rivers. In 1880 he made a trip to the Zarafshan 
glacier. In 1881 Mushketov together with G.D. Ramanovsky 
compiled the first geological map of Turkestan[3,p.543]. 
A. Mabiev, one of the Russian researchers, worked 
hard to study the soil of Central Asia. The famous Russian 
scientist V.V. Dokuchaev (1846-1903) in many of his works 
gave the first information in this area (1898). Military 
topographers also worked diligently and productively. Prior 
to the establishment of the Turkestan Department of Military 
Topography 
(1867), 
the 
region 
was 
not 
studied 
topographically. Only on the shores of the Caspian and Aral 
Seas, in the foothills of the Syrdarya and Amudarya, on the 
shores of Lake Balkhash, and in some other places, some 
more accurate semi-instrumental and visual measurements 
were made. 
The research of I.I. Pomiransev on the geoid form 
in the Fergana valley (1896), the research of D.D. Gedenov 
on the changes in the latitude of Tashkent (1895-1896) are 
noteworthy. However, a lack of staff and funding led to an 
early conclusion of the study. 
Statistical committees began to play an important 
role in the study of the country. In January 1868, the 
Turkestan Statistical Committee was established. On his 

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