International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (ijaar)

participation, the Turkestan branch of the Amateur Society 
of Medicine, Archeology, Anthropology and Ethnography 
was opened. Among the members of the department were 
Russian scientists such as N.A.Seversov, I.V.Mushketov, 
V.F.Oshanin. As a result of a scientific trip organized by the 
society in 1878 under the leadership of V.F.Oshanin, the 
Peter the Great ridge was discovered, glaciers were found at 
the source of the Mugsu River. It was named Fedchenko. 
Due to lack of funds, the department faced great difficulties. 
In 1893, it was forced to suspend its activities. A group of 
local scientists (V.F.Oshanin, S.I. Zhilinovsky, etc.) In 1897, 
the Turkestan branch of the Russian Geographical Society 
was established at the initiative of Important work has been 
done through this community department, such as the study 
of the Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash, the glaciers and wildlife 
of Turkestan. Minerals have been explored, the causes and 
consequences of the Central Asian earthquake have been 
identified. The Turkestan Agricultural Society has made a 
significant contribution to the development of local 
agricultural production. The society promoted modern 
agronomic knowledge and methods, distributed new 
literature in the fields of cotton growing, beekeeping, 
silkworm breeding and so on. The society was involved in 
the study, discovery and dissemination of new improved 
cotton varieties in the country and cotton growing in general. 
It is necessary to note the work done in the field of efficient 
management of the economy. 
In the early twentieth century, scientific societies in 
Turkestan continued their scientific activities. We can see 
that the Turkestan branch of the Russian Geographical 
Society has done a great deal to study the country from a 
natural-historical point of view, to study its flora and fauna, 
its climate. 
Among the work done by the Society Department is 
L.S. Berg's (1876-1950) research is significant. He explored 
the major watersheds of Central Asia from the Aral Sea and 
Lake Balkhash during 1899-1903. Berg's monograph "The 
Aral Sea" will be published. It provides rich historical 
information on the settlement of the Amudarya and Aral Sea 
coasts due to changes in the water regime of the lakes and 
sea level rise. The community department has done a great 
deal of work in the study of Turkestan glaciers. G.B. Leonov 
Talas Alatovi Glaciers, N.L. Korzhenevsky studied the 
Seldara and Karasel glaciers (the first of which was named 
Fedchenko, the second Mushketov). VG Gorodesky studied 
the glaciers of Zailiy Alatov[5.p.46]. 
Most researchers based on geological and historical 
research (B.V. Andrianov, A.S. Kes, P.V. Fedorov, V.A. 
Fyodorovich, E.G. Maev, I.V. Rubanov, A.L. Yanshin, etc.) 
came to almost the same conclusion. N.V. Aladin: "In 
prehistoric times, changes in the level and salinity of the 
Aral Sea occurred due to natural climate change." In the 
humid climate, the Syrdarya and Amudarya flooded and the 
lake reached a maximum height of 72-73 m. Conversely, 
during periods of arid climate, both rivers became shallower, 
the Aral Sea level dropped, and the salinity level in the Aral 
Sea region increased. In the historical period of the existence 
of ancient Khorezm, the level changes were to some extent 
due to climate change, but mainly due to irrigation work in 
the region along both rivers. During the period of intensive 
development of the developing countries, the increase in the 
volume of land irrigation led to the withdrawal of most of 
the water for this purpose, and the water level in the Aral 

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