Microsoft Word master thesis report fina doc

Media 
Gas 
Origin 
Separator drum 
Destination 
Atmosphere 
Quantity 
Estimated in process book 
Composition 
N
2
, CO
2
, O
2
(traces), VOCs (traces) 
During regeneration, a waste vapor stream is routed from separator to atmosphere at safe 
location under pressure control. 
1.6.3. Solid wastes 
Catalyst 
Media 
Solid 
Origin 
Reactors 
Destination 
Metals regeneration, reclamation or reuse 
Quantity 
Depends on reactor size
Composition 
Contaminated catalyst 
 
 

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1.7. Emissions reduction proposals 
Air emissions from naphtha hydrotreating in normal operations arise from process heaters, 
vents and fugitive emissions.
In order to reduce fugitive emissions, a leak detection and repair program can be established 
(refer to part A of this report). 
Concerning process heaters, old furnaces that produce NOx, SOx and particulate matters 
should be replaced with emission controls furnaces. 
During catalyst regeneration, waste vapor is sent to the atmosphere. These vapors contain 
coke, VOC and carbon monoxide in trace amount and carbon dioxide. Before being released 
in the atmosphere, this gas should be treated. For example, it could go through a first boiler to 
burn carbon monoxide and VOCs, and then through a particulate matters removing apparatus, 
such as an electrostatic separator or a cyclone separator. 
2. Naphtha isomerization
10,14,15,16,17,18,19 
 
Isomerization is a conversion process which aim is to raise octane number by transforming 
straight chains C
5
-C
6
paraffins into branched paraffins (isoparrafins). Axens offers a complete 
range of isomerization solutions that can increase C
5
-C
6
naphtha cut octane number up to 92. 
Isomerization schemes available are once-through, recycle with diisopentanizer or with 
deisohexanizer, advanced recycle (IPSORB
®
, HEXORB
®
). The choice of the process depends 
on criteria such as feed composition or desired octane number. 
2.1. Purpose of the unit 
The purpose of the unit is to produce high-octane number isoparaffins by isomerising normal 
C
5
-C
6
paraffins. The isomerization unit can also include a benzene hydrogenation step in the 
first reactor. Naphtha isomerization unit is located after the hydrotreating unit because the 
catalyst is very sensitive to impurities. The product obtained (isomerate) enters in gasoline 
composition. 
2.2. Raw materials and resources input characteristics