Economicresponsibility – Companies have shareholders who demand a reasonable return of their investments, they have employees who want safe and fairy paid jobs, they have customers who demand good quality products at a fair price, etc.
Legalresponsibility – The legal responsibility demands that business abide by the law and “play by the rules of the game”.
right, just, and fair even when they are not compelled to do so by the legal framework. Philantropicresponsibility – The fourth level of CSR. The Greek word “Philanthropy” means “the love of the fellow human”. In business, the model incorporates activities that are within the corporation´s discretion to improve the
quality of life of employees, local communities, and ultimately society in general.
This concept is called Carroll´sfour-partmodelofcorporatesocialresponsibility. (Crane, Matten, 2010)
Manne (Manne and Wallich, 1972 in Blowfield, Murray, 2011) claimed that true corporate responsibility expenditure as well as being voluntary was that which:
is an actual corporate expenditure, not a conduit for individual largesse.
The Committee for Economic Development, comprising US corporate leaders, identifies three concentric circles of responsibility that blurred Manne´s distinctions:
creating products, jobs, economic growth
emerging responsibilities such as poverty and urban blight. (Blowfield,
Murray, 2011)
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The opportunities for the companies are obvious, but there still appears a lot of criticism of CSR. It is possible to divide them into four types:
Corporate responsibility stifles the primary purpose of business and ultimately, hampers the functioning of free markets.
Corporate responsibility favours the interests of business over the legitimate concerns, demands, and expectations of wider society.
Corporate responsibility is too narrow in its focus and does nothing to address they key aspects of the business-society relationship.
Corporate responsibility is failing to achieve its objectives and needs to adopt new approaches if it is to succeed (Blowfield, Murray, 2011).