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CEFR READING PART PRACTICE – MATCHING HEADINGS
Read the text and put headings from the statements A-H.
There is
one
TASK 11
HEADINGS:
A) Fashion magazines
B) Fashionable clothes for all
C) Preparation of a collection
D) Conflicting interests
E) Fashion houses
F) Personal style
G) Successful career
H) Fashion as the spirit of an age
1. One of the most famous fashion designers of the 20th century was Gianni Versace. At the age of eighteen, he
began working for his mother and quickly learned the skills of dressmaking and design. By 1982 he was incredibly
famous and had won the first of many awards. His clothes were popular with famous musicians, such as Elton John
and George Michael. He was asked to design costumes for ballets, shows and concerts. Versace died in 1997, at the
age of fifty.
2. The great dressmaking firms are usually directed by outstanding dress designers, such as Schiaparelli,
Balenciaga, Molyneux and Chanel. They are in Paris, London, Rome, Florence and New York, but by far the most
important are French ones. This is because France has nearly always set the fashion in clothes. Twice a year, in
January and July, they present their “collections”, that is, their displays of model clothes, which suggest the ideas on
which fashion will be based in the following spring and autumn.
3. Some months before the show the fabric manufacturers bring their materials to the fashion house, and the
designer makes his selection. At the same time, he makes hundreds of sketches from which new fashion “lines” will
eventually develop. If the original idea proves a success, a “model” is made in materials of suitable texture and
colour. Accessories - hat, gloves, jewellery, etc. - are added. After months of hard work the “models” are finally
ready for presentation.
4. Since the beginning of the 20th century ready-made copies of very expensive and fashionable models have been
sold in shops. Clothing manufacturers developed a method by which simplified versions of a “model” could be
reproduced in large quantities and sold to a much wider market. They employ their own designers to adapt “models”
so that they can be copied and mass-produced in different sizes.
5. If you wish to be not only fashionable but also well dressed, you should bring individuality to your clothes. Now
that fashion has become universal and clothes are mass produced, it is very difficult to avoid monotony. However,
by skilful adaptation and careful selection, you can give a certain individuality to a general fashion “line”, so that a
dress manufactured by the thousands can appear to be just the dress for you.
6. The future of fashion as art may be endangered by the possibility that new styles will be dictated by businessmen
rather than by dress designers. The latter are creative artists, who are searching for new and original ideas in fashion
which will reflect the mood of the contemporary world. The aim of the businessman is to please the mass market,
which tends to be conservative in its tastes, so they cannot afford to make a mistake, which often results in dull,
lifeless fashion.
7. Fashion does not just depend on one person’s idea of a new line or a different look, but on something much
wider. It expresses a feeling for what is going on in the world around. It is a mirror in which are reflected the events,
ideas and interests of an entire era. Dress designers, the artists of the fashion world, try to interpret these influences
and express them in the fashions they produce.
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