provide a franchisee a name, logo, methods of operation, advertising, products,
Chapter 01 - The Dynamics of Business in a Borderless World
1-8
and other elements associated with the franchiser’s business in return for a
financial commitment and the agreement to conduct business in accordance with
the franchiser’s standard of operations.
3. Licensing and franchising enable a company to enter the international
marketplace without spending large sums of money abroad or transferring
personnel to handle overseas operations.
4. If the licensee or franchisee does not maintain high standards of quality, the
product’s image may be hurt.
E. Contract manufacturing occurs when a foreign company produces a specified
volume of a firm’s product to specifications and uses the domestic firm’s name on
the final products.
F. Outsourcing
1.
Insourcing, when foreign companies transfer jobs and business to their own
country.
2. Some firms are bringing outsourced jobs back to the U.S. because of concerns
over how much value outsourcing actually brings
G. Offshoring
1. The relocation of business processes by a company or subsidiary to another
country
2. Different than outsourcing because the company retains control of the process—
not subcontracting to a different company.
3. Reasons to offshore involve lower wages, skilled labor, taking advantage of
different time zones.
H. Joint Ventures and Alliances
1. Many countries do not permit direct investment by foreign companies or
individuals.
2. A joint venture is a partnership between a foreign company and a domestic
business or government.
3. A strategic alliance is a partnership formed to create a competitive
advantage on a worldwide basis. It is especially useful in industries where the
costs of competing alone are too high for a single company.
I. Direct Investment
1. Direct investment is the ownership of overseas production and marketing
facilities.
2. Multinational corporations operate on a worldwide scale, without significant
ties to any one nation or region and represent the highest level of international
business involvement.
VIII.
International Business Strategies
A. Developing Strategies
1. Companies doing business internationally have traditionally used a
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