these high-arousal emotions early can mitigate the negativity before it
snowballs.
EXERCISE
MAKES PEOPLE SHARE
Our emotional odyssey has one last stop.
At Wharton, we have a behavioral lab where people are paid to do
various psychology and marketing experiments. These tasks often involve
clicking boxes in an online survey or circling items on a sheet of paper.
But when people came in for an experiment of mine one November a few
years ago, the instructions were a bit more unusual.
Half the participants were asked to sit still in their chairs for sixty
seconds and relax. Easy enough.
The other half, however, were asked to jog lightly in place for a minute.
Regardless of whether they were wearing sneakers or pumps, jeans or
slacks, they were asked to run in place for sixty
seconds in the middle of the
laboratory.
Okay. Sure. I guess. Some participants gave us a puzzled look when we
made
the request, but all complied.
After they were done, they participated in what seemed like a second,
unrelated experiment. They were told the experimenters were interested in
what people share with others and were given a recent article from the
school newspaper. Then, after reading it, they were given the option of e-
mailing it to anyone they liked.
In actuality, this “unrelated study” was part of my initial experiment. I
wanted to test a simple but intriguing hypothesis.
At this point we knew that
emotionally arousing content or experiences would be more likely to be
shared. But I wondered whether the effects of arousal might be even
broader than that.
If arousal induces sharing, then might any physiologically
arousing experience drive people to share stories and information with
others?
Running in place provided the perfect test. Running doesn’t evoke
emotion, but it is just as physiologically arousing. It gets your heart rate up,
increases blood pressure, etc. So if arousal of any sort boosts sharing, then
running in place should lead people to share things with others. Even if the
things people are talking about or sharing have nothing to do with the
reason they are experiencing arousal.
And it did. Among students who had been instructed to jog, 75 percent
shared the article—more than twice as many as the students who had been
in the “relaxed” group. Thus any sort of arousal, whether from emotional or
physical sources, and even arousal due to the situation itself (rather than
content), can boost transmission.
—————
Understanding that arousing situations can drive people to pass things on
helps shed light on so-called oversharing, when people disclose more than
they should. Ever been stuck next to someone on a plane who won’t stop
sharing what seem like extremely personal details? Or find yourself in a
conversation where later on you realize that you may have shared way more
than you meant to? Why does this happen?
Sure, we may feel more comfortable with someone than we thought we
would or we may have had one too many margaritas. But there is also a
third reason. If situational factors end up making us physiologically
aroused, we may end up sharing more than we planned.
So be careful the next time you step off the treadmill, barely avoid a car
accident, or experience a turbulent plane ride. Because you’ve been aroused
by these experiences, you may overshare information with others in the
aftermath.
These ideas also suggest that one way to generate word of mouth is to
find people when they are already fired up. Exciting game shows like
Deal
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