Cognitive factors in learning: transfer, interference and overgeneralization

Positive transfer
In addition, there is existence of three types of third person in both English and Russian languages that makes it easier for Russians to make up sentences with this structure.


Table #2

English Russian

he он

she она

it оно
Overall, positive transfer only aids students to burgeon their learning process. However, the outcomes of positive transfer go largely without great attention and are not frequently speculated.

Negative transfer befalls when previous performance interrupts the performance in a target language. In other words, first language causes as sources of errors when learners inadequately apply certain language items or structures that are not identical in both languages. It falls into two big types as interference and overgeneralization.

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  Negative transfer befalls when previous performance interrupts the performance in a target language. In other words, first language causes as sources of errors when learners inadequately apply certain language items or structures that are not identical in both languages. It falls into two big types as interference and overgeneralization.
  

Negative transfer

Inference takes place when a learner mistakenly applies knowledge from one system to another. Presumed formula of inference in language learning can be given in that way:

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  Inference takes place when a learner mistakenly applies knowledge from one system to another. Presumed formula of inference in language learning can be given in that way:
  
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  L1 L2 L2 L1
  
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  Interference can be observed in the following levels of the languages:
  
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  Table: #3
  
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  Words in Uzbek Incorrect translation due Correct version
  
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