The 25 th of March 2023 ISBN: 978-605-72481-0-7 Eskishehir / Türkiye ---121---
HISTORY, SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCES / TARİH, SOSİOLOJİ VE SİYASAL BİLİMLER / TARİX, SOSİOLOGİYA VƏ SİYASİ ELMLƏR ЧЕРКЕССКО-РУССКАЯ ВОЙНА 1763-1864 ГГ. Пилипчук Ярослав Валентинович доктор исторических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры всемирной истории
Национальный педагогический университет имени М. П. Драгоманова, Украина
Orcid id: 0000-0002-9809-3166
І вам слава, сині гори, Кригою окуті! І вам, лицарі великі, Богом не забуті. Борітеся — поборете! Вам бог помагає! За вас правда, за вас слава І воля святая! Шевченко Т. Г. ’’Кавказ’’ (1845) This paper abour participation of Circassians in Caucasian war. The history of the Circassian war
against Russia can be divided into several stages. The first stage is the time from the founding of the Mozdok
fortress in 1763 to the subjugation of Kabarda in 1822. This period is characterized by the expansion of
Russians into the lands of the Nogais and Kabardians. The formation of the Black Sea Cossack Army in 1792
completed the first stage of the construction of the Caucasian Line. The Kuban and Kuma rivers became the
borders. Kabardians and other Circassians carried out daring raids on Russian territory. The second period is
the time from 1822 to 1842, when such leaders as Tuguzhuko Kyzbech, Kerzech Shirihuko, Dzhambulat
Bolotoko, Seferbey Zanoko waged war against the Russians. They are fighting against the Russian
commanders I. Delpozzo, G. Zass, G. Emanuel. The missions of the Ottoman pashas and the British D.
Urquhart and J. Longworth were sent to the Circassians. The third is the period of reign in Circassia of naibs
Shamil Hadji-Mukhammed, Suleiman-efendi, Mohammed-Amin in 1842-1860. Only a part of the Circassians
accept the power of the naibs. The tribe of Abadzekhs was especially active in this respect. As for the Shapsugs
and Bzhedugs, they systematically rebel against the power of the naibs. Seferbey Zanoko becomes a rival of
Shamil's naibs, on whose side there is a predominantly Circassian aristocracy. Democratic and aristocratic
societies, in addition to the war with the Russians, are also fighting among themselves. The fourth and final
stage of the Circassian history is the period of 1860-1872. At this stage, the Circassians unite their forces and
create their own Mejilis, headed by Kerandyko Berzekthe Circassians turned to Great Britain and France for
help in 1862. The resistance of the Circassians was broken in the battle of Kbaada in early 1864. The Khakuchi
clan continued to resist until the early 70-ies of 19
th
century The consequence of the defeat in the Caucasian
War was the mass expulsion of Circassians to the Ottoman Empire. The mountains and plains of the
Northwestern Caucasus were colonized by the population of the Russian Empire, which was represented by
Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Greeks and Armenians. An attempt at Circassian repatriation in 1872 was
thwarted by the Russian Tsar Alexander II.