[1], [2] for power optimization and it controls and commands the power source components based on the
driving condition. the control unit continuously observe the vehicle performance parameters and
efficiency parameters and to optimize these parameters it commands the power sources of the vehicle.
And the control strategy are designed on different conditions such as 1) when the vehicle is travelling
with low speed or less acceleration and the performance required is less and the battery is fully charged,
so the vehicle operates on Electric motor powered by battery and engine will be shutoff, 2) when the
vehicle is accelerating or requires high performance with engine on and the battery charge is full that
time, electric motor is started to assist the engine for acceleration and to reduce fuel emissions because
at high performance more fuel is consumed, 3) when the vehicle is cruising with engine power and
battery charge is low, the engine power is transferred to wheel as well as to the electric motor which
becomes generator and generate electricity which is stored in the battery for later requirements, 4) The
battery is also charged by other components of the vehicle such as regenerative braking system (RBS)
and regenerative shock absorbers (RSA), the RBS supplies electricity to battery during the braking of
the vehicle, the energy wasted in braking is used by the generator to generate and store electricity in the
battery and similarly the RSA, due uneven roads the vehicle gets impulsive shocks and this shocks are
used to generate electricity. These regenerative energy sources decrease the fuel consumption which
decreases the emissions and increases the range of the vehicle and increases the economy and efficiency
of the vehicle.
2. Classification of HEV There are three main types of HEV drivetrains which are Parallel mode, Series mode and Power-split: -