Contents: Introduction Chapter I theoretical foundations of teaching speaking to pupils of junior form

10. Two Truths, One Lie: Each student should write three statements about themselves on a piece of paper. Two of them should be true, and one should be a lie. Students read their three statements, and their classmates question them to try to determine which statement is a lie.
11. True/false storytelling: Give each student a piece of paper with either “true” or “false” written on it. Each student should tell the class a story that is true or false, depending on which word they received, and the class must guess whether it’s true. To add to the activity, you can allow the other students to question the student telling the story.

2.1. Effective ways of teaching speaking to A2 level learners by using communicative games
Teaching speaking can be defined as interactions of oral communication between teachers and students in the classroom. Kayi (2006) says that teaching speaking has some functions to the students :
1. Teach the students to produce the English speech sounds and sound patterns.
2. Use word and sentence stress and intonation patterns and the rhythm of the second language.
3. Select appropriate words and sentences according to the proper social setting, audience, situation and subject matter.
4. Organize their thoughts in a meaningful and logical sequence
5. Use language as a means of expressing values and judgments
6. Use the language quickly and confident with few unnatural pauses.
The aim of teaching speaking in the classroom is to maintain students’ ability to speak well and to improve their ability in oral communication. According to Harmer (2001) the aim of teaching speaking is to train students for communication. To do that, the teacher should be able to develop activities which promote students to use language in real communication. Moreover, Wenxia (2008) says that the teacher should think, when teaching, not only about presenting language in a certain situation, but also as a communicative act. Learning to speak in English will be easier when learners are actively engaged in attempting to communicate. There are some principles that should be considered by the teacher in teaching speaking. Brown (1994:275) mentions some principles that should be followed by the teacher in speaking skill.
First, use techniques that cover the spectrum of learner needs, from language based focus on accuracy to message-based focus on interaction, meaning and fluency.
Second, provide intrinsically motivating techniques.
Third, encourage the use of authentic language in meaningful contexts.
Fourth, provide appropriate feedback and correction.
Fifth, capitalize on the natural link between speaking and listening. Sixth, give students opportunities to initiate oral communication. Seventh, encourage the developmental of speaking strategies. Moreover, Nunan (2003:54) suggests some principles in teaching speaking. (1) The teacher should be aware of the differences between second language and foreign language learning contexts. (2) Give students practice with both fluency and accuracy. (3) Provide opportunities for students to talk by using group work or pair work, and limiting teacher talk. (4) Plan speaking tasks that involve negotiation for meaning. (5) Design classroom activities that involve guidance and practice in both transactional and interactional speaking.