QUESTIONS 25^0
You are advised to spend about 25
minute* on Questions 25-40 which refer to
Reading
Prtssrtge 3
below
READING PASSAGE 3
The New Ice Age
Antarctica's long dark winter evokes visions of
Because the summer-time work of scientists
early explorers barely surviving in huts, their
tends to capture the public's imagination, with
huskies and sleds snowbound outside in the
revelations about the ozone hole or whale
harshest conditions imaginable But times have
numbers, people tend to overlook the efforts of
changed
the 20 or so winterers at each base — mostly
tradespeople — who keep the bases going long
Although expeditioners like Mawson, Scott
after 'the boffins' (research scientists) have
and Amundsen explored and wintered on the
migrated to warmer climates In doing so, they
continent in the
early years of the century, the
also keep alive claims to sovereignty of
notion of operating permanent year-round
sections of the continent and maintain their
bases in Antarctica was relatively new until the
environmental interest in this sensitive part of
1950s and 1960s Even after the Second World
the planet Aside from its wealth of marine
War, Antarctica was still being opened up and
resources, Antarctica controls much of the
there were many blank spots on the map
southern hemisphere's climate As the only
Mawson station, opened in 1954,
and Davis in
other wholly southern hemisphere continent
1957 are Australia's two oldest, continually
Australia, more
than any other large nation
operated bases on the continent
has the most at stake in what happens here
In the past, life at these bases was hardly
So what is life like down there
7
Over the past
luxurious It meant camping in cramped zinc-
year, wintering on an Antarctic base has
alum sheds, listening to katabatic winds
become positively civilised The conclusion last
scream in
the long winter night
summer of a 10 year building program has
Communication with the outside world was
seen the historic zinc-alum shacks and es en
restricted to just a few telegraphed lines
older wooden sheds built at an early Antarctic.
Expedmoners heading south were issued with
base, on Heard Island in 1947, supplanted by
pamphlets listing five-letter codes covering
vast, bright-coloured buildings with bav-
almost every conceivable situation so they
wmdow views and ski-lodge decor There are
could communicate with their families and still
video lounges, gymnasiums, bars and libraries
keep within strict 'word limits' during their
The workshops are
comparable to anything in
year on base Humour boosted morale and was
modern industrialised countries The food is
an important element of life there For instance
plentiful There are even field huts that double
'YIKLA' was code for 'This is the life'
as weekenders for those who feel the need to
get away from it all The money's good and
Today, living year-round in Antarctica is
everything from beer to socks is supplied free
considerably easier The weather hasn't
Not everyone is pleased with the neu luxur)
changed of course, but you can pick up a
Nowhere were the changes felt more keenly
telephone and dial direct anywhere in the
than at Mawson, where the old quarters is ilh
world The cost is very modest and is
their rugged outpost atmosphere
uere shut
subsidised at 90 cents a minute All that
and the last team of huskies renxmd lo m.inj
individuals need to do is to collect the bill at
old Antarctic hands, it marked the end of the
the end of the year
great 'Intrepid Age' in Antarctica
There are some things about life in Antarctica,
spectacular coastal scenery of the Antarctic
how e\ er that c\ en central heading and
Peninsula
u iitihing a Ii\ e \ la satellite sports broadcast
Once there, after the short shipping season has
cannot ihange The Antarctic Territor) is still
ended some time in February when the ice
one of the most
exotic places on Earth Few
closes in, there is no changing your mind and
people will ever get there There are no flights
heading home You are there for the duration,
which land there — )ou have to tra\el as the
at least until the pack ice breaks up the
early explorers did, almost a century ago, by
following November Like the early explorers,
sea Going to Mawson, for example, means a
you are confronted with the challenge of
two-week voyage on
an icebreaker such as
getting along with a small, isolated group of
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