Copyright 1996

QiiL^tion* 1-5 
Below are listed some indi\ idual characteristics of the white and brown pens 
together with some characteristics which are common to both Indicate which is 
which by writing B for 'brown pen', VV for 'white pen' and C for 'common to 
both' 
in the spaces numbered 1-5 on the answer sheet 
1 
dissolves in water 
2 
can be easily recycled 
3 
feels smooth 
4 
tastes good 
b doesn't look like a pen 
Question* 6-11 
Complete the following statements using not more than THREE WORDS FROM 
THE TEXT Write your answers in the spaces numbered 6-11 on the answer sheet 
6 
Many consumer items are being redesigned to minimize their 
7 
The advertising industry is taking advantage of the ecological trend, 
sometimes resorting to 
8 
The more reliable products are the result of financial support for 
9 
Among the new categories which feature in research and development 
programs in ninny countries are 
10 SiicntifiL American behe\es that must be a priority for researchers in the 
near future 
1 1 Engineers need to consider carefully 
Question* 12-14 
Questions 12-14 describe the phases in the life of a product Below is a list of the 
issues to be considered during each phase Match an appropriate issue with each 
phase Write your answer A-E in the spaces numbered 12-14 on the answer sheet 
There are more issues than you will need. 
12 obtaining the necessary raw materials 
13 manufacturing the product 
14 abandoning of product by consumer 
List of issues 
A using dangerous chemicals 
B causing harm to the environment 
C polluting the air 
D possibility of recycling the object 
E making factories safer

---

QUESTIONS 75-30 
You are advised to spend about 20 minute* on Questions 15-30 which refer to 
Reading 
Passage 2 below 
READING PASSAGE 2 
From a gianl antenna set among the
The search's prospects of success are founded
undulating sheep paddocks of rural Australia,
on a formula known as the Drake equation,
one of the great voyages of discovery has
developed by SETI Institute founder Dr Frank
begun — the Search for Extraterrestrial
Drake This says that the number of
Intelligence, or SETI What the international
civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy whose
Project Phoenix uncovers is likely to be so
radio emissions are detectable depends on
utterly different from our kind, so vastly more
sophisticated, as to defy imagining
• The rate of formation of life-supporting stars
• The proportion of those stars with planets
The SETI institute, a California!! research
• The number of earthlike planets per solar
foundation, managed to raise $A16 million to
system
fund Project Phoenix, which is using the
• The fraction of those on which life develops
Australia Telescope at Parkes in New South
• The fraction of those where intelligence
Wales for its search To make its discovery, the
develops
telescope needs an extra-special hearing aid, a
• The fraction of those where technology
device which resembles an old-fashioned ear-
develops, and
trumpet Chilled to minus 260°C and crammed
• The lifetimes over which such civilizations
with electronics, this feed-horn is the most
can release detectable signals into space
sensitive built Responsibility for its
construction fell to the Commonwealth
To eliminate the dozens of interference events
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
which occur daily, the new search uses
radio-engineer Dr Kel Wellington, another true
something called a FUDD — a follow-up
believer since childhood in the existence of
detection device There is one at Pnrkes itself
intelligence somewhere in the cosmos
and another on a CS1RO antenna at Mopra, 200
km away If a promising signal is detected by
Project Phoenix is a methodical search Of the
the mam antenna it is cross-checked on the
40,000 million stars in our galaxy of similar age FUDDs If they fail to see it, then it is probably
and character to our sun, 1000 have been
local radio interference — perhaps a farmer on
selected which lie within 120 light years of
his mobile phone If they all see it, loud and
Earth On a galactic scale, that is a bit like
clear, the excitement begins
searching a one-metre circle of grass on a 100
metre football oval
At that point, says Dr Bobbie Vaile,
astrophysicist at University of Western Sydney,
The Parkes antenna zeroes on each star in turn,
Macarthur, the first step is to check, recheck 
checking the 200 visible only from the southern and check again If the signal is still there and
hemisphere The feedhprn listens in on radio
is consistent over time the next step is to call
channels between 1700"and 3000 megahertz,
up colleagues on radiotelescopes around the 
the most efficient communication frequencies
world and ask them to home in on the same
It is here that the awesome power of modern
star and frequency If they see it too, and the 
technology comes into play the computers
signal is narrow and unnatural-looking, it
scan each of 28 million channels in blocks of 
could come from another civilization
searching among the clutter for the elusive
pattern of a carrier signal that underlies all
At this point, she says, the Australian I'nme 
complex radio or TV transmissions
Minister and the US President would be

---

notified and <) public press conference 
many years, maybe lifetimes — and we have 
convened 'It certainly won't be kept quiet It 
been sending radio messages out into the 
will be a discovery lor all humanity.' 
cosmos for nearly a century. A visit on either 
And it will be a decision for humanity whether 
side is virtually out of the question- to send a 
or not to respond The Project Phoenix team 
ship to the closest star. Alpha Centauri, four- 
will only listen and learn — they will not 
and-a-half light years distant, would consume 
transmit any replies. In any event, Vaile points 
energy equal to humanity's total use for 20 
out, even to exchange messages would take
years