CorSalud 2013 Jul-Sep;5(3):237-239
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237
Cuban Society of Cardiology
___________________
Editorial
3D NLS-method in vascular pathology diagnosis
Método NLS 3D en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad vascular
Vladimir I. Nesterov
, Sergey M. Patrushev, Valeriy M. Vagulin
The Institute of Practical Psychophysics. Omsk, Rusia.
Este artículo también está disponible en español
ARTICLE INFORMATION
Key words: Virtual imaging, Non-linear diagnostic systems, Vascular pathology
Palabras Clave: Imagen virtual, Sistema de diagnóstico no lineal, Enfermedad vascular
The article presents modern principles of three-dimen-
sional virtual pictures rendering on the basis of NLS-
method data. It gives a generalized evaluation of
diagnostic efficiency of 3D NLS-graphy for revealing
vascular pathology in comparison with angiography.
Today there is a world-wide tendency towards a
steady rise in death rate caused by occlusive vascular
diseases,
especially
by
cerebrovascular
disorders
which
are in the third place among death causes
1,2
. This is
due to a growing number of elderly and aged patients.
From another point of view, many individuals even at
40 have atherosclerotic lesion of great head arteries
and so need to be under clinical observation.
The
most
simple
and
at
the
same
time
infor-
mative method of noninvasive diagnosis of occlusive
lesion of peripheral vessels appeared to be the 3D
NLS-method, which has been in clinical practice just in
recent years
1-4
. Using this method, we can evaluate
the condition of certain sections of great vessels in low
extremities and that of brachiocephalic vessels
5-8
.
It is possible to investigate not only the condition of
vessels but also the condition of the valvular ap-
paratus of deep veins
5,6
. 205 patients were examined
in 2010-2011 in order to reveal valvular insufficiency
of deep veins affected by varicosis. The patients were
from 20 to 69 years old. Among the examined patients
there were 52 men (25.4%) and 153 women (74.6%)
3
.
The investigation was carried out by means of “Meta-
tron” apparatus using digital trigger sensors with a
frequency of 4.9 GHz and a feature of three-dimen-
sional visualization of organs and tissues. Valvular
insufficiency of the femoral vein was revealed in 63
patients, and insufficiency of both femoral and po-
pliteal veins was diagnosed in 87 patients. 3D NLS
enables to assess the condition of the valvular appar-
atus of deep veins in low extremities on a noninvasive
and objective basis which is very important for the
surgery tactics to be chosen and can be used as an
alternative to phlebography
9,10
.
The spectral-entropic analysis method of the NLS-
signal (SEA) has no contraindications and in terms of
informativeness is comparable to angiography. It can
be used to perform screening in the course of initial
examination with a view to revealing early or latent
forms
of
vascular
pathology
and also
as
a
preliminary
VI Nesterov,
Instituto de Psicofísica Aplicada
2, 1 ª Proizvodstvennaya str., 644001, Omsk, Rusia
E-mail address:
vinesterov@inbox.ru
3D NLS-method in vascular pathology diagnosis
CorSalud 2013 Jul-Sep;5(3):237-239
238
method for selecting patients for angiosurgical treat-
ment as according to a number of specialists-angio-
logists, angiography should only be done for candi-
dates for surgery picked out after preliminary 3D NLS-
investigation. However, this method does not make it
possible to assess volume characteristics of the blood
current because 3D NLS does not enable to provide
real vessel imaging and hence to measure the vessel.
This kind of information may be received through
Doppler systems with two-dimensional imaging which
offer duplex and triplex scanning (the so-called
Doppler chromatic charting)
11-13
.
The 3D NLS-method was developed in 2006 and
can play an essential part in vascular pathology diag-
nosis. The main advantage of the 3D NLS-method is
that it facilitates search, makes it easy to locate vessels
and enables to easily differentiate vessels from non-
vascular structures, arteries from veins and very
accurately reveal signs of disturbed vascular per-
meability caused by stenosis or occlusion of the vessel
lumen by an atherosclerotic patch or a thrombus
which are generally not visible with conventional
angiography alone.
In addition, the 3D NLS-method makes it possible
to diagnose portal hypertension, its extent and the
permeability of Porto-systemic shunts. NLS is very
sensitive in determining the extent of peripancreatic
vessel involvement with pancreas cancer which is
essentially important for the choice of tactics for
surgical treatment. NLS makes it possible to determine
affected renal vessels (both veins and arteries), which
is very important for the correct choice of hypotensive
drug in the case of arterial hypertension
1-4
.
Some effective hypotensive drugs, such as inhi-
bitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) –ca-
poten, enalapril, berlipril, and others–, are widely used
but they have contraindications with renal artery
stenosis. So physicians should bear in mind that it is
necessary to check for stenosis before prescribing this
kind of medicine. The 3D NLS is likely to be the choice
method in this case
1-4
.
The 3D NLS-method is indispensable for differential
diagnosis of benign and malignant hepatic diseases. Its
sensitivity is comparable with the potentialities of
conventional or digital angiography and CT with am-
plification. In addition, the NLS-method is much
cheaper, simpler and more accessible. It can be em-
ployed directly at the patient’s bedside if required.
The 3D NLS-method may be used in ophthalmology
to check ocular hemodynamics before or after surgical
intervention
14
, in obstetrics to reveal the disturbed
blood current in umbilical cord arteries with a view to
diagnosing a delay in fetus development and pre-
dicting an unfavorable perinatal outcome.
Still another potentiality of the 3D NLS-method is
cranial scanning which enables to reveal intracranial
hematomas, aneurisms, cysts and tumors in the ence-
phalon
7-11
.
Those are by no means all the potentialities of the
3D NLS-method. To sum it up, the 3D NLS-method is
one of the most dynamic techniques and within the
next years some new discoveries are likely to be
expected of it.
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