Appropriate research context
Questionnaires are most widely used in surveys with a descriptive or exploratory purpose.
They can, however, also be effectively used in studies with
experiment and case study
research strategies. The appropriateness of questionnaires as research tools must however
be carefully examined in the context of each study. Students sometimes fail to grasp that
observation, semi-structured interviews and other data collection procedures may be more
appropriate for their research objectives than questionnaires. Saunders et al. (2003:280)
maintained that it is generally good practice not to rely solely on questionnaire data but to
use the questionnaire in conjunction with at least one other data collection instrument. For
example, a questionnaire designed to establish
customers’ attitudes can be complemented
by in-depth interviews to explore and understand the basis of these attitudes.
Questionnaires
The questionnaire comprises various standardised questions designed to gather the data
required. The questions serve to gather the data expected to test your theory. You need to
give attention to the reliability of responses and the legitimacy of the discoveries/findings
from the research instrument.
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