Department of the navy (don) 6. Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions introduction



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NAVY SBIR 16.3 Topic Index



N163-137

Novel Pyrrhotite Detection Method in Concrete Aggregate

N163-138

Analysis Tools for Managing Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Obsolescence

N163-139

Shipboard ‘Non-Emitting’ Target Imaging and Identification System

N163-140

Curved (Convex) Surface Global Positioning System (GPS) Antenna Design for Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) Trident D5 Flight Test Reentry Bodies


NAVY SBIR 16.3 Topic Descriptions



N163-137

TITLE: Novel Pyrrhotite Detection Method in Concrete Aggregate

TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Materials/Processes, Sensors

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: NAVFAC Secondary Program of Record: Facilities Sustainment, Restoration and Modernization, and NAVFAC Criteria, Non-ACAT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this SBIR topic is to develop a portable device or test kit for analyzing the presence of “pyrrhotite” in damaged concrete structures, as well as loose aggregate before it is mixed into fresh concrete. The ultimate goal of this technology is the prevention of costly repairs and replacement of concrete structures still in their early life cycle.

DESCRIPTION: The concrete industry is increasingly recognizing the extent of structural damage caused by a deleterious presence of “pyrrhotite” mineral in concrete aggregate. Current diagnostics to detect pyrrhotite require petrographic analysis of samples in a laboratory, a costly and time consuming process. There is a need for development of a novel and portable method for detecting and quantifying the presence of pyrrhotite in aggregate and concrete while in the field.

The Navy is a large consumer of cement and aggregate for its many construction and repair projects of piers, pilings, wharves, runways, and buildings. NAVFAC is responsible for new construction and sustainment of these facilities. This responsibility includes design, construction, maintenance and repair services for all concrete facilities. Additionally, the NAVFAC Criteria Office is responsible for technical adequacy of all Navy shore facilities design, construction and maintenance criteria. Pyrrhotite-related concrete corrosion may be a significant cost factor in Navy facilities sustainment, restoration, and new construction.

The Navy has issued numerous reports and guidance on Alkaline Aggregate Reaction, or AAR, and specifically ASR – Alkaline Silica Reaction in concrete, where “reactive” aggregate containing certain forms of silica combines with alkali hydroxide in the hydrated cement to form an expanding gel that breaks the concrete. NAVFAC’s guidance on pavements and marine concrete also mention the importance of limiting sulfate content in concrete. Although the effects of sulfate attacks in concrete have been appreciated for decades, the connection to pyrite and pyrrhotite minerals has only recently (late 1990s onward) been reported and researched in-depth. This may be due to current concrete technologies greatly advancing over the past decades. Today’s formulations include a number of ingredients (admixtures) to enhance both the fresh and the hardened concrete’s properties. These advanced formulations may contribute to the recent increase in pyrrhotite-related concrete failures.

Pyrrhotite is a naturally occurring iron sulfide mineral in the particular chemical form Fe(1-x)S , where x = 0 to 0.125. If pyrrhotite is present in the concrete, then water and oxygen, already present in the hydrated cement, will foster a chemical reaction that produces expansive by-products. Numerous recent news reports of pyrrhotite-caused structural damage are emerging from the U.S., Canada, Europe, and other locations around the world, indicating the problem may be much more widespread than previously thought by the construction industry. As a timely example, the mineral has been blamed for widespread foundation cracking in thousands of homes in Quebec, Canada. Officials estimate that 4000+ homes are affected. The Prime Minister has indicated the Quebec Province is spending over $30 Million to mitigate the problem, according to the Canadian Press.

Various remedial measures for pyrrhotite related concrete corrosion have been proposed, but the long term effectiveness of such in-place remediation has not been established. For housing foundations, as an example, the only method of remediation which can guarantee a permanent solution is removal of the pyritiferous material.

A portable device or test kit would be of great benefit for analyzing the presence of pyrrhotite in existing concrete structures suspected of having pyrrhotite-related damage, as well as in aggregate received at the job-site prior to mixing. If successful, this technology would prevent concrete formulations that are “doomed to failure” from being utilized in the DoD’s, and ultimately commercial, myriad of concrete facilities.

GUIDELINES FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY:
1. Capable of operating in an outdoor field environment.
2. Capable of holding calibration for 8+ hours of continuous operation.
3. Device accuracy should provide at least one order of magnitude linearity, and be within ±5% of known values, in a range of 0.1 to 10% by weight pyrrhotite.
4. Capable of consistent, repeatable measurement even with concentration variation over the desired range.
5. Capable of directly reading and/or “swabbing” the aggregate or solid concrete sample.
6. Capable of operation in an expeditionary environment. Such an environment for the military would include a lack of sheltering infrastructure with limited access to a reliable source of electricity and possible intemperate weather. Marine waterfront locations would further suffer from the presence of salt spray. Therefore, minimum environmental goals include operability in:
• Temperatures of -10 to +35-degree Celsius
• Humidity levels of 5 to 95% RH
• Water–proof electronics housing.
7. Sized for portability by one person, i.e. a maximum of 22-lbs for all components.
8. Results provided real-time or near-real-time, with a total cycle time (sampling input to result output) goal of 5-minutes per sample.
9. System availability and reliability of 1000-hours of operation.
10. Minimal external requirements, i.e. kit should include any needed chemicals, compressed air or vacuum source, and include battery operation, in addition to 110-VAC power, if electricity is needed.

PHASE I: Determine feasibility for the development of a novel pyrrhotite detection method for efficacy in a laboratory environment, utilizing known standardized levels of the mineral in both loose aggregate and in formed concrete to assess accuracy. Development of the pyrrhotite detection method must show feasibility for eventual portability and field use.

PHASE II: Based on the results of Phase I, develop and demonstrate a bread-board pyrrhotite detection device with natural aggregate and concrete samples, and compare to independent laboratory analyses provide by the government. Assemble a full scale demo system to validate operation. Demo will be tested at a Navy facility with suspected pyrrhotite-related concrete degradation in order to prove performance.

Phase II Option, if awarded, will be used to advance the design to improve accuracy, reliability, and/or reduced system size.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Based on the results of Phase II, the small business will commercialize the device in combination with Navy-relevant concrete construction and repair projects. Private Sector Commercial Potential: The device would have wide application across both military and commercial sectors for checking aggregate lots prior to concrete mixing and for on-site failure / forensic analysis during repair projects.

REFERENCES:

1. Hawkins, Brian A., Implications of Pyrite Oxidation for Engineering Works, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2014.

2. “Mineral to Blame in Cracking Foundations”, Durability & Design Magazine, May 11, 2016.

3. Tulis, Ralph H., “Cracked Foundations Need Study by a State Task Force http://ctviewpoints.org/2015/10/08/cracked-foundations-need-study-by-a-state-task-force/ October 8, 2015.

4. “Feds to Spend $30 Million in Quebec on Mineral Problem”, Canadian Press Release, April 2016. http://globalnews.ca/news/2622979/ottawa-to-spend-30-million-on-helping-quebec-homeowners-who-have-pyrrhotite/

5. “Pyrite Problem – Exploring the Implications of Sulfur in Geological Materials for Civil Engineering”, http://www.pyriteproblem.com

KEYWORDS: pyrrhotite, pyrite, framboid, microcrystal, concrete, sulfate, aggregate, oxidation, sulfide

Questions may also be submitted through DoD SBIR/STTR SITIS website.

N163-138

TITLE: Analysis Tools for Managing Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Obsolescence

TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Information Systems

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: Consolidated Afloat Networks and Enterprise Services (CANES)

OBJECTIVE: Develop a COTS obsolescence advanced planning and decision analysis tool built on an open source framework to automate business decisions and “what if analysis” for the Consolidated Afloat Networks and Enterprise Services (CANES) programs end of life (EOL) and end of support (EOS) components to assist in the obsolescence management strategy.

DESCRIPTION: CANES is the Navy’s only Program of Record to replace existing afloat networks and provide the necessary infrastructure for applications, systems, and services required for Navy to dominate the Cyber Warfare domain.

The fundamental goal of CANES is to provide Infrastructure and Platform as a Service, within which current and future iterations of Navy Tactical Network computing and storage capabilities will reside. CANES will provide complete infrastructure, inclusive of hardware, software, processing, storage, and end user devices for Unclassified, Coalition, Secret and Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) for all basic network services (email, web, chat, collaboration) to a wide variety of Navy surface combatants, submarines, Maritime Operations Centers, and Aircraft. In addition, hosted applications and systems, inclusive of Command and Control, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, Information Operations, Logistics and Business domains, require the CANES infrastructure to operate in the tactical environment.

The CANES network has to manage the complexities in scheduling and executing network installations afloat. The specific factors which create uncertainty and complexity are changing ship availabilities, budget limitations, and COTS End Of Life (EOL) or End Of Support (EOS) dates and when logistics buys can be implemented. The tool should be able to ingest relevant data such as, but not limited to, ships availabilities and product EOL dates, and that would assist in putting the information in context for Navy decision makers. The tool should additionally be able to address compatibility issues with other applications and components, Business Case Analysis trade-offs, and provide a recommended schedule for replacement. The ability to ingest these criteria into a tool and manipulate the data to improve visualization of the data, expected impacts and perform rapid “what if” planning would reduce the tedious effort of trying to map this manually.

There are no known commercial alternatives to a decision tool which can accommodate the myriad requirements around the required business processes, fiscal year funding profiles, changing ship availabilities and the COTS obsolescence plans from industry. The Navy is in a unique position of having limited shipboard installation opportunities which adds significant complexity to the problem set. These complexities include multiple unique configurations per ship platform that each need to be managed and tracked for EOL issues. Additionally, each Navy platform has hundreds of COTS products, each with their own tech refresh cycle and original equipment manufacturer (OEM), resulting in a multi-dimensional problem to manage.

With Cyber Security in mind, the challenge of managing COTS obsolescence is critical due to the threat that unsupported hardware and software poses to Navy networks. As the fielded networks age, the manpower required to track COTS obsolescence is a significant burden on programs. Due to program workloads and prioritization of new capabilities and newer networks, the current difficulties inherent in the manual processes result in not fully considering EOS/EOL when determining the acquisition planning and engineering changes to continue to support and accredit our systems. The product life cycle and well planned windows of engineering design and warfighter deployment are critical elements which dramatically affect the life cycle costs and total ownership cost of the CANES system and other IT systems fielded by the DoD. The current acquisition and sustainment efforts could be greatly improved with an innovative COTS obsolescence management tool that provides decision analysis and trade-offs associated with engineering design and deployment of COTS products. This becomes especially critical when combined with the limited windows of availability for installs due to high tempo operations. A COTS obsolescence decision analysis tool would enable the Navy and DoD to better manage technology refresh cycles and obsolescence in today’s high cyber threat environment.

PHASE I: The small business will define and develop a concept for an open source-based business analysis and decision tool to track COTS obsolescence and ingest externally available data such as ships availability schedules and ship configurations. The concept should include the ability to visualize the data in different human readable forms that enable the acquisition manager to make optimal acquisition and engineering decisions (cost, schedule, and performance). This capability would initially apply to CANES with the ultimate goal of applying to other DoD Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I) programs. CANES may provide a relevant Build of Materials of representative equipment for the Small business to populate and understand the requirement. Small business will not have access to CANES for Phase I.

PHASE II: Based on the results of the Phase I effort and the Phase II Statement of Work (SOW), the small business will develop a beta software release and a prototype solution to demonstrate their capabilities. The analysis and decision tool to track COTS obsolescence prototype will be evaluated to determine its capabilities and benefits in meeting the performance goals defined in the Phase II SOW and in assisting the business decision and planning processes which are currently manually implemented. The software will be evaluated with examples of products going EOL/EOS and how that information is visualized within the products. Phase II testing will be representative of components going end of life/end of support and the tools ability to track and visualize this information.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: The small business will be expected to support the Navy in transitioning the software product for Navy use on the CANES program as well as update support for the open source frameworks and data sources utilized. The company will finalize the design and deliver the software, according to the Phase III SOW, for evaluation to determine its effectiveness by the CANES Program and the CANES Systems Engineering Team. The company will support the Navy for test and evaluation in accordance with the SBIR Phase II SOW. Following testing and validation, the end design is expected to produce results outperforming the current CANES business processes and ad hoc methods in use today. Private Sector Commercial Potential: The software system described in this SBIR topic paper could have private sector commercial potential for any IT business which needs to determine optimal upgrade schedules to accommodate the IT obsolescence of their fielded network components.

REFERENCES:

1. http://www.dmea.osd.mil/ob.html describes the obsolescence problem that this SBIR topic paper is focused on resolving.

2. Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortages (DMSMS) ACQUISITION GUIDELINES: Implementing Parts Obsolescence Management Contractual Requirements Rev 3.0 (2001). http://www.dmea.osd.mil/docs/acquisition_guidelines.pdf

KEYWORDS: CANES, COTS, Cyber Security, Obsolescence, SBIR, Transition, DMSMS

Questions may also be submitted through DoD SBIR/STTR SITIS website.

N163-139

TITLE: Shipboard ‘Non-Emitting’ Target Imaging and Identification System

TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Battlespace, Sensors

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PMW 120 Information Operations / Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance Programs of Record

The technology within this topic is restricted under the International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR), 22 CFR Parts 120-130, which controls the export and import of defense-related material and services, including export of sensitive technical data, or the Export Administration Regulation (EAR), 15 CFR Parts 730-774, which controls dual use items. Offerors must disclose any proposed use of foreign nationals (FNs), their country(ies) of origin, the type of visa or work permit possessed, and the statement of work (SOW) tasks intended for accomplishment by the FN(s) in accordance with section 5.4.c.(8) of the solicitation. Offerors are advised foreign nationals proposed to perform on this topic may be restricted due to the technical data under US Export Control Laws.

OBJECTIVE: Develop a compact system capable of identifying non-RF emitting targets at long range in both day/night operations from a ship-based platform. Ranges of interest are >150NM for airborne targets and >25NM for targets operating at or near the ocean surface. Desired target resolution should be approximately 10cm to support target identification.

DESCRIPTION: Maritime non-RF emitting targets are notoriously difficult to identify with sufficient resolution to allow for identification, even in clear weather conditions. While many commercial Electro-Optical / Infra-Red (EO/IR) devices are available, none readily address military requirements for ‘positive identification’ of small watercraft, Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAV), and the proliferating variety of small form factor autonomous systems. Small boats are particularly problematic due to the necessity to differentiate and identify civilian craft (“White Shipping”) from military, state sponsored Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) craft, terrorist, criminal and other waterborne threats and vessels of interest. In addition, gliding missiles that do not emit a thrust signature are of grave concern.

This topic seeks innovative research leading to the development of a ship-based long-range day / night imaging system, able to provide sufficiently high resolution at range to allow for identification of non-RF emitting sea and air borne targets operating in clear weather conditions. The resolutions required for this system may necessitate large apertures to contend with atmospheric effects; e.g. blurring, warping, scintillation, attenuation and/or multi-path clutter, but any solution offered must be feasible to operate in a typical navy combatant environment; e.g., Littoral Combat Ship, (LCS) Guided Missile Destroyer (DDG), Aircraft Carrier (CVN), etc.

Applicable systems may employ any number of technologies; e.g. optical, radio-frequency, infra-red, etc., but must address the particular technological risks for the technique selected.

Any solution offered must be feasible to operate in a typical shipboard environment. Maximum volume goal for transmit / receive system equipment should be no more than 0.75m cubed, where support electronics may be off boarded. On board Size Weight and Power (SWaP) constraints must adhere to current power, cooling, installation, etc. requirements for use aboard navy ships, specifically 3 phase 120 volt, 60 Hz power. Unit offered can also be portable / battery powered. Solutions requiring chill water cooling / higher voltage requirements are discouraged, but will be considered. Non-RF emitter systems must address the risks with optical, infra-red, millimeter wave power requirements at long range, resolution requirements, and atmospheric blurring, warping, scintillation etc. effects. Proposed systems must fit the SWaP constraints for the total system.’

Work produced in Phase II may become classified. Note: The prospective contractor(s) must be U.S. owned and operated with no foreign influence as defined by DoD 5220.22-M, National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual, unless acceptable mitigating procedures can and have been implemented and approved by the Defense Security Service (DSS). The selected contractor and/or subcontractor must be able to acquire and maintain a secret level facility and Personnel Security Clearances, in order to perform on advanced phases of this project as set forth by DSS and SPAWAR in order to gain access to classified information pertaining to the national defense of the United States and its allies; this will be an inherent requirement. The selected company will be required to safeguard classified material IAW DoD 5220.22-M during the advanced phases of this contract.

PHASE I: Perform design analysis to identify non-RF emitting ‘dark targets’ at the resolutions and ranges specified above. The effort will address how the recommended system will mitigate degrading effects inherent to the system chosen. The Phase I deliverables include a preliminary design recommendation and a final report.

PHASE II: Fabricate a demonstration prototype of the Phase I recommended system. The products of Phase II should include the tested prototype hardware system (including the software), where testing will involve the prototype image / identification of both cooperative and non-cooperative targets in a Navy furnished facility using Navy furnished data where required. The selected vendor will also provide a prototype test report and a final report.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Develop a plan to: 1.) fabricate a single technology demonstrator unit, 2.) create a multi-unit (> 100) manufacturing process and, 3.) develop a marketing plan for the production ready system. Carry out the necessary engineering, system integration, packaging, and testing to field a robust, reliable system. Assist transition of technology to industry for marketing to defense community. Private Sector Commercial Potential: The private sector potential could be significant and, as was true for Global Positioning System (GPS), difficult to fully bound or quantify. The ability to resolve objects at distance in small form factors has potential applications in multiple domain areas: e.g., law enforcement, environmental / zoological science, entertainment industry, recreation use, etc.

REFERENCES:

1. Bertero, M. et al, Imaging with LINC-NIRVANA, the Fizeau Interferometer of the Large Binocular Telescope: State of the Art and Open Problems, Inverse Problems, Vol. 27, (2011).

2. E. L. Cuellar, James Stapp, and Justin Cooper, "Laboratory and Field Experimental Demonstration of a Fourier Telescopy Imaging System," Proc. SPIE 5896, Unconventional Imaging, 58960D, (September 01, 2005).

3. R. Fiete, T. Tantalo, J. Calus, and J. Mooney, Image Quality Assessment of Sparse Aperture Designs, Applied Image Pattern Recognition Workshop, Vol. 0, p. 269, 2000.

4. J. Marron and K. Schroeder, "Holographic Laser Radar," Opt. Lett. 18, pp. 385-387 (1993).

5. David J. Rabb, Douglas F. Jameson, Jason W. Stafford, and Andrew J. Stokes, Multi-Transmitter Aperture Synthesis, Optics Express Vol. 18, pp. 24937-24945 (2010).

KEYWORDS: Dark targets; Passive targets; Non-RF emitting targets; Target imaging and identification; High resolution imaging and identification; RADAR systems; Advanced optical systems; EM Emission / Absorption spectroscopy and image identification.

Questions may also be submitted through DoD SBIR/STTR SITIS website.

N163-140

TITLE: Curved (Convex) Surface Global Positioning System (GPS) Antenna Design for Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) Trident D5 Flight Test Reentry Bodies

TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Electronics

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: Strategic Weapons Systems ACAT IC

The technology within this topic is restricted under the International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR), 22 CFR Parts 120-130, which controls the export and import of defense-related material and services, including export of sensitive technical data, or the Export Administration Regulation (EAR), 15 CFR Parts 730-774, which controls dual use items. Offerors must disclose any proposed use of foreign nationals (FNs), their country(ies) of origin, the type of visa or work permit possessed, and the statement of work (SOW) tasks intended for accomplishment by the FN(s) in accordance with section 5.4.c.(8) of the solicitation. Offerors are advised foreign nationals proposed to perform on this topic may be restricted due to the technical data under US Export Control Laws.

OBJECTIVE: Development of a GPS antenna design and computing algorithm required to acquire GPS on a reentry body during flight.

DESCRIPTION: Navy reentry flight test bodies have the capability to capture GPS data during flight. Currently a flat plate is used in order to mount the antenna and simplify the design. To be more representative of an actual reentry body, which has a rounded surface, using a rounded cover for a flight test body is desired. This would allow the use of GPS receivers in additional test bodies and could reduce the effort used to recreate a trajectory after flight. Because of the rounded surface, using commercial antennas does not appear to be feasible. Antenna design must accommodate both the L1 and L2 GPS frequencies and must accommodate both the C/A and P(Y) codes (relates to the bandwidth).

PHASE I: Determine and demonstrate feasibility for the development of a GPS antenna distribution that can be used on a rounded convex surface with a stay out zone in the center. Development should include a theoretical analysis/modeling of the antenna phase and gain patterns. Expect that the results from pattern modeling will be compared to measured gain and phase data gather in Phase II. Include any relevant processing (algorithm) software design for the GPS receiver that supports operation with this antenna design.

PHASE II: Fabricate and test prototype GPS antenna patterns. For this effort the design drawings will be coordinated through Navy Strategic Systems Program. During Phase II, it would be advantageous to partner with Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company (Sunnyvale, CA) to fabricate a complete aft closure containing the GPS antennas and for measurement of the resultant aft closure gain and phase pattern. It would also be advantageous to partner with Charles Stark Draper Laboratory (Cambridge, MA) for incorporation of antenna phase and gain patterns into Draper’s Hardware in the Loop (HWIL) to simulate reentry flight environments. Any debugging should be performed by the SBIR contractor.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Assuming successful demonstration in HWIL environments, two flight test units will be fabricated and flown on a flight test body via Extended Navy Test Bed (ENTB). Phase III will require the proofing of the algorithms and will also include the post flight processing of the data. The GPS data will be processed by the SBIR contractor and compared to the Small Reentry Inertial Measurement Unit (SRIMU) data that is generated by the on board IMU and verify that the algorithms provided an accurate position. The small business will assist the Navy with implementation of the final design GPS antenna onto appropriate flight test bodies. Private Sector Commercial Potential: Depending on the flexibility in the algorithms utilized this could be expanded for use on other convex surfaces, such as helmets, car roofs.

REFERENCES:

1. Balanis, Constantine, "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design", 3rd Edition

2. Regan, Frank, Anandakrishnan, Satya, "Dynamics of Atmospheric Re-Entry", American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. Washington DC, 1993

KEYWORDS: GPS, antenna, curved surface, antenna phase patterns, antenna gain, reentry body

Questions may also be submitted through DoD SBIR/STTR SITIS website.



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