Background and objectives (max. 5 pages including references):
Urban regions often suffer from low air quality as a result of high amounts of pollution from construction, car traffic, and electricity generation. When it comes to urban air quality, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter are the two main pollutants to be concerned about because they both have serious detrimental effects on health. Urban gardens, green areas, wind tunnels, intelligent traffic signals, and low-emission zones are just a few of the cutting-edge methods that have been created to improve urban air quality in order to lower urban air pollution. Particularly in areas that frequently experience disproportionately high levels of air pollution, it is crucial to develop and put into practice new, inventive methods for improving air quality.
In general, urban regions have poor air quality. The World Health Organization's 2005 criteria for tolerable levels of air pollution are not being followed by more than 80% of people who live in urban areas, with low-income cities having the highest risk of respiratory ailments and other health issues. This is particularly concerning because the WHO dramatically lowered its recommended limits of safe air pollution exposure in 2021.
Despite the recent changes of these rules, several nations still fall short of the standards set by the WHO in 2005. In actuality, a significant portion of people on the planet do not breathe pure air. 90% of people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization, were inhaling air that was deemed harmful by the 2005 rules, which were once again much less strict than the most recent.
According to the WHO, at least 31% of nations without ambient air quality regulations have the authority to enact them. It is critical that more nations enact air quality restrictions because to the enormous impact that air quality has, its ranking by the WHO as the top environmental health risk, and research demonstrating its links to COVID-19 health outcomes.
In terms of the pollution levels measured in Uzbekistan, most current statistics on air quality were only taken from the capital city of Tashkent, which has some poor air quality. According to IQAir statistics, Uzbekistan's annual average PM2.5 measurement for 2019 was 41.20 g/m3, a very high value that put it in the category of "unhealthy for sensitive populations". Uzbekistan was rated ninth overall out of all nations, with its yearly reading of 41.20 g/m3.
Within the country's boundaries, Uzbekistan records a variety of pollution sources, many of which result from human activity that has disrupted the environment in the past and in the present, as well as from numerous exhaust fumes. To mention a few of these sources, the extensive usage of cars across the city. All around Uzbekistan, there are numerous industries, power plants, and other industrial facilities. These, in addition to vehicles, may emit sizable amounts of pollution annually, which explains the increased ambient pollution levels. These facilities use a lot of coal, but there are other industrial areas where natural gas and precious metal resources are harvested. They all use various heavy machinery that runs on diesel fuel. Besides, the extraction process alone may produce sizable amounts of finely ground dust and other particulates, which ultimately reach the atmosphere and increase the PM2.5 and PM10 count.
High concentrations of pollutants like CO2 have a detrimental influence on the air quality levels
adjacent to industrial zones. Some contaminants, including CO2 and methane, are seriously detrimental to the flora, though. These toxins, which are referred to as greenhouse gases (GHGs) altogether, contribute to capture heat in the atmosphere and result in global warming. Air pollution is one of the major problems of the day. To follow the norms and regulations, it is essential to measure the pollutants.
Commonly, air pollutants can be categorized into two groups the primary pollutants which
include particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrogen chloride (HCI). The second groups is hazardous air pollutants that cause serious health and environmental problems. These are metals including cadmium, mercury, chromium, and lead compounds, as well as benzene, dioxins, asbestos, and toluene. Even low quantities of exposure can have detrimental effects on health, and high doses can be catastrophic. The following are the main sources of dangerous toxic emissions:
Mining industry
Coal combustion
Cement production Waste incineration.
Polluted air undoubtedly has a detrimental effect on public health of nation. Nearly every part
of the human body is impacted by air pollution. It severely reduces longevity and quality of life, also this is a key environmental risk factor for a number of illnesses, including lung cancer, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and others. Although everyone is affected by the exposure to air pollution, the harm it does to the public health is not dispersed uniformly. Children, the elderly, those with preexisting ailments, people who live near industrial areas all suffer disproportionately from its effects, highlighting the need to protect vulnerable groups by improving our air quality.
The problems that have arisen are proof that country's environmental conditions need to be improved. This encouraged us to develop an information system that facilitates the monitoring of industrial zones, which cause hazardous emission levels. The project is completed during three years. Proposed monitoring systems regulate emission levels and issue notifies when object-specific limitations are reached depending on the location and rules of the country. The main goal and objectives are described fully in table below:
The main goal of the project is to create Monitoring Information System that provides information about toxic gas emission level of industries and air quality index of nearby populated area of Almalyk
