Diseases of the valves of the heart. Rheumatic disease. Cardiomiopathy

Diseases of the valves of the heart. Rheumatic disease. Cardiomiopathy.

1. Congenital Heart Disease(CHD)

2. Tetralogy of Fallot

3. Aortic stenosis

4.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

5.Dilated Cardiomyopathy

6. Restrictive cardiomyopathy.

7.Myocarditis

8. Pericarditis

9. Endocarditis

10. Lupus

11. Rheumatic diseases

Congenital Heart Disease(CHD)

• Abnormality in the heart that presents at birth. The defect could be in the heart walls, valves or the blood vessels.
• Types of CHD:

1. Aortic stenosis 5. Pulmonary stenosis

2. Atrial Septal defect (ASD) 6. Tetralogy of Fallot

3. Coarctation of Aorta 7. Transposition of Great

Arteries

4. Patent Ductal Artery 8. Ventricular Septal Defect

(VSD)

Aortic stenosis

• Aortic stenosis is a serious condition that affects the aortic valve, the gateway from the heart to the body

Aortic stenosis

• The valve becomes narrowed or blocked, making it harder for the heart to pump blood and oxygen to the organs and tissues

Aortic stenosis

The symptoms of aortic stenosis may include fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, and heart failure

• Aortic Stenosis

♦ Approximately 6% of congenital heart abnormalities

♦ May assume valvular and subvalvular forms

♦ Most common cause is bicuspid aortic valve

Atrial Septal defect (ASD)

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the heart between the upper chambers (atria).

• Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

♦ Approximately 10% of congenital abnormalities

♦ Ostium secundum (OS) defect much more common than ostium primum (OP) defect

♦ Usually made clinically in both cases

♦ Often not detected in childhood, presenting in adult

♦ Results in increased pulmonary blood flow, systolic ejection murmur, widely split second heart sound, eventual right ventricular hypertrophy