provide a series of advantages, offering not only voice, but also broadband services, with the connection
speed not dependent on distance from the telephone exchange (as happens with DSL) or number of
customers connected (as with cable). With this system a computer (or any other device) would need only to
plug a BPL "modem" into any outlet in an equipped building to have high-speed Internet access.
Notwithstanding the benefits that the availability of an extensive infrastructure can allow, for the moment
The term next generation networks frequently encompasses some kind of fixed-mobile convergence
seamlessly integrating voice, data and video. The introduction of 3G technology supports the transmission
of high-speed data with speeds theoretically reaching 2/4 Mbit/s, and third-generation handsets give users
access to the Internet and multimedia content on the go. In addition, new handsets in countries such as
Japan, Korea, Italy or the United States allow users to access innovative, dedicated terrestrial and in some
cases satellite television networks. Operators are expanding their 3G networks across the OECD and this
DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2007)2/FINAL
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will provide higher data speeds to users, who will be able to access innovative networks dedicated to
providing mobile video or television programming. In 2005, 11% of all OECD mobile subscribers were on
a 3G network, which offered a broader “blanket” data coverage to users. However, existing 3G
technologies will need to be upgraded in order to support very high bandwidth or extensive concurrent
usage that may be demanded by users in the future. The future evolution of mobile networks for example
using LTE technology (Long Term Evolution) – a next generation mobile technology – may significantly
increase speeds, enabling high peak data rates of 100Mbit/s downlink and 50Mbit/s uplink. However,
deployment of this technology may not begin, at the earliest, before 2010.
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Satellite
Satellite services are typically dedicated to direct-to-home television and video services, satellite
radio, and specialised mobile telephony uses. More recently technological advances – such as spot beam
technology and data compression algorithms – increased technical efficiency in satellite communications,
enabling more efficient use of spectrum, and reducing redundancy, thus increasing effective data density
and reducing required transmission bandwidth.
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Satellite broadband is usually provided to the customer
via geosynchronous satellite. Ground-based infrastructure includes remote equipment consisting of a small
antenna and an indoor unit. Gateways connect the satellite network to the terrestrial network. Except for
gateway locations, satellite broadband is independent of terrestrial infrastructure such as conduits and
towers, allowing it to provide coverage also to remote areas.
In this context, several operators began to offer broadband satellite service to residential consumers,
especially to those in areas not otherwise reached by broadband networks, at affordable prices, and at
speeds comparable to those offered by some wired broadband services. For example, Wildblue in the
United States offers broadband connectivity (512Kbps downstream and 128Kbps upstream) for about
USD 50/month. In Europe, Eutelsat and Viasat jointly launched consumer broadband satellite service,
targeting underserved markets in European countries.
While technological developments allowed satellite services to offer significantly higher capacity and
improved performance, there are still some challenges to users of satellite connectivity. In particular,
limited upstream capacity will restrain the possibility of users to benefit from new Web 2.0 opportunities,
while latency issues will continue to limit the usability of satellite for certain broadband services and
applications (e.g. voice and video conferencing) and speeds are expected to be significantly lower than can
be offered by fibre networks.
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