Education of the republic of uzbekistan termez state university foreign philology faculty the department of foreign language and literature

What are some different Types of Subjunctive Mood for kids?

Counterfactual. In this subjunctive sentence, the writer expresses a notion that's contrary to the facts, such as “If I were you, I’d return it to the store.”
Infinitive. In this type of subjunctive mood, commands and demands are expressed. For example, “I demanded that she walk away.”Necessity. This subjunctive form refers to requirement: “It is necessary that she completes the form first.”
Proposition. This category relates to proposals or suggestions: “We proposed that they re-think their idea.”
In the languages of lexical types such as Chinese, Vietnamese, Yoruba this parameter is used at the level of the word prosodic organization, and it forms the general tonal contour and identifies lexical meanings. The rest prosodic components – intensity, duration – in the languages of grammar type are mainly connected with the word and considered to be a means of its prosodic organization. In the languages of lexical type these components are associated with a sentence-utterance as a means of motive or estimation expression. For example, in Russian a general question and a statement are differentiated due to the opposition of rising (rising-falling) and general falling intonation; in Swahili, Arabian and Cicongo – the opposition of rising-falling, rising with falling or twice rising-falling intonation in comparison with general falling intonation in the statement. Basically, this differential feature determines other non-leading features: general frequency range of a phrase, localization of frequency maximum, frequency level (register). In tonal languages, however, the functional correlation of leading and non-leading frequency characteristics is quite different. The direction of movement for the main tone frequency is not differential in the process of a general question and statement intonation distinction; it means that the phonological status of intonation feature is really changed in terms of the language type and its place at the scale of lexicality/grammaticality. So, for the intonation of general question in such a tonal language as Yoruba, without formal parameters of interrogativeness the same general direction of tone movement as that for a statement is inherent. In accordance with the data of audit analysis, the general questions and statements are identified in Yoruba and Hausa with the height of frequency level and localization of frequency maximum, but not with the direction of tone movement. Thus, we can see that phonological status of feature in the intonation structure can vary depending on the language type: the leading differential feature in one language becomes an integral one in another language and vice versa. 4. The fourth aspect of intonation study is a search for national-specific features of intonation. Modern Russian speech is a unity of linguistic, sociocultural, psycholinguistic, individual-psychological communicative-functional characteristics from the point of phonetics and intonation. At the end of the 20th century the change of scientific research vectors occurred: the strict stratification analysis was replaced by the complex, polyfunctional, systematic consideration of phenomena that corresponds to the subject of our study being together the matter of interdisciplinary scientific investigation and complex approach of different branches of science. Intonation is a multi-layer phenomenon, the unity of universal, typological and national-specific features. In the specification of intonation as a multi-layer phenomenon we base on a hierarchic organization of the language as a form in conception of Humbolt-Zubkova (1999). In the context of intonation investigation in this direction the conception of Nikolaeva (1979, p.219-225) who distinguishes three layers in intonation – the universal layer, the layer of word prosody, and the special layer of the language itself, and the conception of Cheremisina (1999) which includes the prosody of a word, the layer of individual intonation characterizing a person and the layer of stylistic features of intonation. We assume that any intonation contour having a symbolic form of the language manifests the unity of universal, group (genetic, areal and typological ones) and national-specific features of the language. How can the national peculiarities of any intonation be described adequately? The deal is that in many theoretical descriptions of intonation of different Slovenian languages the universal or typological characteristics were often referred to these peculiarities: Unfortunately, the narrow understanding of a phrase intonation, considering its components (speech melody, duration, intensity, rhythm and timbre) only according to the frequency of the main tone (i.e. to speech melody) and to the direction of the tone movement is a typical mistake in modern practice of the Russian language teaching. While working over the intonation in the class, we often abstract the first, phonological aspect of intonation, giving unreasonably much attention to it and considering it as the only important feature in teaching foreign language intonation. In this case we forget that intonation features are bifunctional by their nature: “they form this or that intonation (communicative, modal, emotional, and stylistic) and simultaneously provide its phonetic normative acceptability in this language” (Rumyantsev, 1990, p. 51). All these facts speak about the complicated character of differential and integral features interaction, about the wide spectrum of different inflections and variants in passing from one intonation unit to another. 3. The third aspect of intonation is a typological one. According to Zubkova (1997) the significance of intonation parameters is changed depending on the language type and the position of the language on the scale of lexicality/grammaticality. The basic parameter of intonation – speech melody – in particular, the direction of its movement in grammar types of languages is used to express different grammar meanings: for intonation formalization of the utterances, for their communicative types distinction, for the actual articulation expression. In the languages of lexical types such as Chinese, Vietnamese, Yoruba this parameter is used at the level of the word prosodic organization, and it forms the general tonal contour and identifies lexical meanings. The rest prosodic components – intensity, duration – in the languages of grammar type are mainly connected with the word and considered to be a means of its prosodic organization. In the languages of lexical type these components are associated with a sentence-utterance as a means of motive or estimation expression. For example, in Russian a general question and a statement are differentiated due to the opposition of rising (rising-falling) and general falling intonation; in Swahili, Arabian and Cicongo – the opposition of rising-falling, rising with falling or twice rising-falling intonation in comparison with general falling intonation in the statement. It's an unusual kind of verb because it doesn’t describe any particular tense like the past or the present. This is one reason why it’s important to learn about the three moods of verbs, as it helps us to describe other situations within language.
It's also now less commonly used in modern English, appearing mostly in formal communication and writing. One common feature of the subjunctive mood is changing the word ‘was’ to ‘were’, like in the following examples: One of the first language characteristic learned as a child is the intonation of the native tongue. Learning pitch patterns as a child is easier than learning new patterns as an adult. However, mastering intonation will greatly benefit the non-native speaker’s intelligibility in conversation. Native speakers of English exploit intonation patterns in many subtle ways that are not obvious at first sight. If you speak English as a second or foreign language, these uses of intonation may have no parallel in your first language.