(d) International Targets/Recommended Standards: Some countries have set
national targets for the reduction of solid waste within a specified time frame. In
general, proposed measures for dealing with waste range from the introduction of
cleaner technology and waste minimization to reuse, recycling, incineration and, when
all other options have been exhausted, landfill.
(e) Linkages to Other Indicators: This indicator is linked to other economic and
environmental indicators, including indigenous energy production, energy use, energy
intensity, energy mix, energy supply efficiency, accumulated quantity of solid wastes
to be managed, land area taken up by waste dumping, etc.
METHODOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
(a) Underlying Definitions and Concepts: For the purpose of this indicator, the
energy sector includes the following activities:
• Extraction of crude oil, natural gas, coal, lignite, peat, oil shales and other
primary fuels. Harvesting of wood for fuel and extraction of uranium are not
included.
• Conditioning of primary fuels (e.g. production of coal and lignite briquettes,
refining of petroleum products).
• Electricity generation in public supply conventional thermal power plants,
including combined heat and power plants. Enterprises that produce electricity
exclusively for their own use are not included. Activities related to the
functioning of nuclear power stations are specifically excluded.
Waste is defined as any substance or object that the holder discards or intends to
discard. It is, therefore, perceived to have no commercial value to the producer. This
does not preclude its being of value to some other party.
Solid waste from the energy sector is limited to waste that results directly from the
normal functioning of that sector. Included are waste from coal and lignite mining and
upgrading (tails); waste from oil and gas extraction and from refineries; combustion
waste from thermal power stations (bottom ash, flying ash, slug); waste from the
incineration of industrial and municipal waste, when these are used as a fuel in power
stations; and waste from air pollution abatement technologies (sludge from scrubbers,
spent catalysts). Non-regular waste such as decommissioned oil/gas rigs, power
stations, refineries and other machinery should be reported separately, as these are
exceptional events requiring special disposal measures. For the purpose of this
117
indicator, radioactive waste and (scrapped) road vehicles, railway wagons and sea-
going vessels
2
belonging to the energy industry are excluded.
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