(e) Linkages to Other Indicators: This indicator is closely linked with other
indicators of the economic and environmental dimensions, including energy use,
energy intensities, energy mix, greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions, and soil
and water contamination.
METHODOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
(a) Underlying Definitions and Concepts: This indicator comprises the following:
Fossil fuel efficiency for electricity generation, defined as gross production of
electricity (including own use of electricity by power plants) from fossil fuel power
plants relative to fossil fuel inputs. Significant improvements in the average efficiency
of thermal power plants result from fuel switching; the commissioning of new, high-
efficiency generating plants; and the decommissioning of older, inefficient plants. In
particular, a move from coal towards gas, a fuel used in high-efficiency combined
gas-steam cycle, usually incurs higher efficiency gains. The indicator can be
developed separately for oil-, gas- and coal-based generation to isolate the fuel-
switching effect.
Electricity transmission and distribution efficiency, defined as the ratio of final
electricity consumption to electricity supply. Electric power transmission and
distribution losses include losses during transmission between sources of supply and
points of distribution and during the distribution to consumers, including pilferage.
Gas distribution efficiency, defined as the ratio of final gas consumption to gas
supply. Gas supply is defined as primary gas supply less gas input to power stations.
Gas transportation and distribution losses include losses during transportation between
sources of supply and points of distribution, including own-use gas consumed by gas
pumping systems, and during the distribution to consumers.
Oil refining efficiency, defined as the average percentage of refinery output products
to refinery input, including feedstock. Both factors are expressed in energy units.
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