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The flower is referred to as complete if all four whorls—the calyx, corolla, androecium, and
gynoecium—are present. The flower is referred to as incomplete if any of the four components is
missing. The terms "perfect," "androgynous," and "hermaphrodites" are used to describe flowers that
have both an androecium and a gynoecium. Unfinished flowers come in two different types: staminate
flowers contain only an androecium, and carpellate flowers have only a gynoecium (Figure 117).
Figure 117.
Both staminate (male) and carpellate (female) flowers are present on the corn plant.
Pollen
grains are produced by staminate flowers, which are grouped together in the tassel at the stem's end. The
developing ears are covered in clusters of carpellate flowers. A stigma is each piece of silk. After
fertilization, corn kernels are seeds that grow on the ear. The root and lower stem are also visible.
A species is referred to as monoecious (meaning "one home") if it produces both male and
female flowers on the same plant. Examples include corn and pea.
Dioecious species, also known as
"two homes," include C. papaya and Cannabis. These species have male and female flowers that grow
on separate plants. The ovary, which may contain one or more ovules, may be positioned superiorly—
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above other flower parts; or, it may be placed below the other flower parts, referred to as inferior
(Figure 118)
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.
Figure 118.
The (a) lily is a superior flower, which has the ovary above the other flower parts. (b) Fuchsia is
an inferior flower, which has the ovary beneath other flower parts
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.
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