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Practical exercise -2
Topic: Analysis of steel extraction methods
Purpose of the work:
study of steel production methods and production technology
Theoretical information
Steel is an alloy of up to 2.14% carbon with iron and contains small amounts
of Mn, Si, R, S. compared to steel cast iron, it is possible to make plastic, pressure-
rolled
products, casting and welding parts and products. Currently, there are the
following methods of obtaining steel:
1. Obtaining steel in an oxygen converter.
The
converter is a pear-shaped
vessel (Fig. 1) with a sheet steel exterior and an interior wall made of bricks made
of bronze, magnesite, and dolomite. The converter is mounted on a solid frame with
a stand so that it can rotate for rotations. The volume is 70/350 tons. 25-30% of steel
scrap and waste are first put into the ready-made converter. Then 70% of the total
metal part, liquid, /1400
0
C/ cast iron is placed. Cast iron composition S-3.8%-4%,
Si-2.0-2.5%, Mn-0.5-1.5%, R-0.15-0.3%, S-0 .02-0.06%.
The converter is made
vertical, and a pressure of 10-15 atm is introduced into it.
99.5-99.7% oxygen is sent
at a pressure of 1-16 M'a .
2-5 m
3
min of oxygen is used to obtain 1 ton of steel.
During this period, slag-producing lime, field shale, and iron ore are added.
Oxygen pumps are cooled with water. S, Si, Mn, S contained in solid materials
are oxidized (burned) and the temperature rises (1700
0
).
during
steel preparation, its composition is controlled. When the steel
composition is precisely defined, first the steel and then the slag are poured from the
converter. The yield of steel from cast iron is 90-93%. Carbon, alloyed structural
and tool steels are obtained in the oxygen converter.
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Figure 1. Scheme of the structure of the oxygen converter.
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