Figure 1.
Brinell method
Since it is difficult to measure the depth of the trace, F is filled from the
following formula:
The sign of hardness
N
is the initial letter of the English word Nagdness. The
letters after
N
indicate the corresponding hardness test methods, such as
V
-
Brinell,
R
- Rockwell and
V - Winkers.
It usually takes the form of the Brinell hardness of the metal:
where: D is the diameter of the sphere, (mm).
d—diameter of the trace left by the ball on the metal, (mm).
The diameter of the track is measured with a special caliper.
In order to quickly determine the hardness of the sample, special tables are
used in practice. Hardness (NV) in these tables
the values corresponding to the force (R) and the diameter of the trace (d) are
given (Appendix 1).
112
Balls are made of solid steel of SHX15 grade. They have a hardness of at least
8500 Vickers units after hardening and then releasing at low temperatures.
a large error due to the deformation of the ball, the hardness of the tested
metals and alloys should not exceed 450 N/mm
2
according to Brinell, that is, the
hardness of the tested metals and the hardness of sheet materials with a thickness of
less than 1 mm it would not be appropriate to determine in this way. This is
considered a disadvantage of the Brinell method. The Brinell method has a number
of advantages as well as disadvantages.
They are the simplicity of the press and the approximation of the hardness
value (NV) determined by this method to the tensile strength limit ( d
v
); ie
In this formula, K is a dimensionless coefficient, which is determined by
experiment. For example, the value of K for steel is from 0.34 to 0.36.
Usually, before testing the sample, its surface to be tested is smoothed and
brought to a flat state. In the standard test, the load for a ball with a diameter of 10
mm is always 30 kN (3000 kg). The standard conditions for determining the Brinell
hardness of materials are listed in Table 1.
Brinell test conditions include load, ball diameter, and load exposure time.
For example, in NV 10 (3000)10-2500, the first number (10) is the diameter of the
ball, the second number (3000) is the load, the third number (10) is the time the load
is applied, and the fourth number (2500) is Brinell . represents the hardness of
The scheme of the Brinell press is shown in Fig. 2. The sample or part to be
tested is placed on the base (1), and the ball (3) rises when the spindle (2) is rotated
clockwise . After that, the electric motor (4) is activated, and the motor, in turn,
activates the system of levers in the press. When the lever system is activated, the
ball begins to sink into the sample under the influence of the pressure (5).
|