134
2 – Laboratory work
REPORT
Topic: Study of
steel production technology
1. Purpose of work.
2. Necessary equipment and measuring instruments.
3 . Summary of the work done.
Control questions
1. Describe the main differences between steel and cast iron.
2. What types of furnaces do you know that are used in steel production?
3. What types of steel do you know?
4. Describe the raw materials used in steel production.
135
Laboratory work-3
Topic: Internal structure of metals and crystal lattices
The purpose of the work:
to study the internal structure
of metals and types of
crystal lattices
2. Necessary tools and materials:
Worked material:
steel, cast iron, aluminum.
Theoretical information
Currently, in the periodic system of chemical elements, elements are divided
into
metals and non-metals, metals make up
more than half of all elements, and
electrical conductivity differs from non-metals in terms of electrical conductivity.
Their electrical conductivity
depends on the temperature, and they also
conduct heat well. Therefore, metals can be given as follows: "
Metals
are malleable,
heat-conducting and shiny substances whose electrical conductivity increases as the
temperature decreases."
The electrical and thermal conductivity of metals is due to the presence of free
electrons in their crystal lattice.
Studying the internal structure of metals under X-rays showed that their atoms
are
arranged in a certain order, and this order is repeated
in space with a certain
regularity.
Therefore, when studying the internal structure (structure)
of metals, the
location of metal atoms is shown in a lattice called a crystal or spatial lattice.
Most metals have three main types of crystal lattices:
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