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g) good electrical insulation.
Some also have the properties
of abrasion resistance, good damping,
resistance to aviation fuels and oils, resistance to adverse and repeated forces. Taking
into account the above, rubber itself and together with other
materials are widely
used in aircraft construction:
a) aircraft pneumatics;
b) aircraft flexible hoses and pipelines;
c) dampers;
g) membranes;
d) gaskets and compactors ("uplotniteli");
e)
soft tanks for fuel;
j) used in the production of rubberized gazmols.
Under the influence of the external environment (light, temperature, nitrogen,
oxygen, radiation, etc.), rubber wears out and changes its properties. Attrition rate:
K=Z
1
/Z
2
;
Z
1
- elasticity of new rubber;
Z
2 -aged, i.e.
elasticity of rubber artificially aged for 3 years under natural conditions or
144 hours at -70
0 C.
There is also a coefficient of cold resistance:
K
cold
=
cold
/
0
;
where:
elongation of rubber sample at
0 -room temperature.
cold
-chilled-frozen temperature.
In general, cold resistance is determined by the brittleness temperature of the
rubber (t
brittle
). In this case, the rubber loses its elasticity and becomes brittle when
hit.
Rubber is a complex mixture of different ingredients. Each of these plays a
specific role in creating rubber properties. The basis of rubber is rubber. Various
additives are added to it:
vulcanizing agents, accelerators-catalysts, fillers,
plasticizers, wear reducers, dyes, etc.
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Vulcanizing agents: sulfur;
magnesium oxide; peroxides, nitro compounds.
These are directly involved in the formation of cross-links between macromolecules.
Their volume is 5-7%. Accelerators (thiuram, cantax, lead oxide) up to 30%
in
hard
resin, for example, ebonite, accelerate the vulcanization process.
Depending on the effect of fillers on rubber: a) active; b) will be inert. Active fillers
(silica, silicon oxide) increase the hardness and strength of the rubber and increase
its resistance to corrosion. Inert fillers (talc, boron, etc.) are added to cheapen the
rubber.
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