Foreign experience in managing the quality of labor resources

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The article used methods such as economic research methodology, system analysis, monographic analysis, comparison, grouping, expert assessment, economic-statistical.


ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
The level of employment in the labor force is influenced by a number of factors, the most important of which are the population, its gender and age structure, migration, forms of ownership, existing jobs in sectors and industries of the economy. It is advisable to study all these factors in specific regional conditions.
In September of this year, the Republican Scientific Center for Employment and Labor Protection of the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations conducted another public survey in 108 cities and districts of the country.
The survey covered 500 self-governing bodies, 5.0 thousand households and 26.5 thousand citizens.
In January-September 2021, the number of labor resources amounted to 19,322.8 thousand people, an increase over the same period in 2020 by 101.1% or 201.4 thousand people. The number of people employed in the economy amounted to 13,609.1 thousand people, an increase over the corresponding period by 3.1% (403.9 thousand people).
In January-September 2021, the number of people employed in the official sector amounted to 6,124.3 thousand people, compared to the same period in 2020, the number of people employed in legal entities increased by 7.9% or 450.5 thousand people.
The number of people employed in the informal sector amounted to 5,943.9 thousand people, a decrease of 4.1% or 254.0 thousand people compared to January-June this year.
According to the survey, the total number of people in need of work was 1,413.7 thousand people, the unemployment rate among the economically active population was 9.4%. The unemployment rate among those aged 16-30 was 14.9 per cent, while the unemployment rate among women was 12.8 per cent.
In January-September this year, the economically inactive population of the country amounted to 4,300.0 thousand people, an increase of 0.6% or 26.3 thousand people compared to the same period last year.
During the first 9 months of this year, a total of 338.2 thousand new jobs were created or 124% of the forecast (an increase of 126% over the previous year, an increase of 66.9 thousand). Including

• 
  A total of 9,064 out of 78 projects through the implementation of sectoral investment projects;
  
• 
  108.8 thousand (116%) new jobs were created due to the implementation of 10.6 thousand projects included in the regional investment program.
  
• 
  4,920 permanent jobs (182% compared to the 9-month forecast) were created due to the development of social infrastructure.
  
• 
  123.9 thousand new jobs were created in about 60,000 newly registered small enterprises and micro-firms.
  
• 
  91.5 thousand people (122%) were employed through the establishment of individual entrepreneurs.
  

Training in vocational knowledge based on the requirements of the labor market has become a priority of the ministry. Under the Ministry's auspices, 16 “Welcome to Work” Monomarkaz, 59 district and city vocational training centers, and 136 mahallas have been established.
In the first 9 months of this year, 97.7 thousand unemployed people were involved in vocational training in 54 types of professions, entrepreneurial skills and foreign languages, which are in high demand in the labor market.
The majority of those involved in vocational training were women (66 percent) and young people (54 percent). 26.4% of them are unemployed registered in the "Women's Book" and 40% in the "Youth Book".
Of those involved in vocational training, 48.9 thousand (50.1%) are in industry and services, 27.1 thousand (27.6%) in construction, 3.6 thousand (3.7%) in agro-technology, 6 , 6 thousand (6.8%) were directed to IT professions and 11.5 thousand (11.8%) to craft trades based on the tradition of "Master-Apprentice".
Employment in the Republic of Uzbekistan includes a group of physically and mentally healthy people aged 16 to 60 years and older, which are as follows:
1) those who are employed and receive remuneration on the basis of full-time or part-time work, engaged in other income-generating work;
2) temporarily absent from work for various reasons (illness, vacation, business trip, retraining, advanced training, etc.);
3) those who worked in a family business without pay.
According to the definition of the International Labor Organization, "employed" includes the following persons.
I. Employment:
1) employees - those who performed certain work for a fee during the reporting period;
2) those who have a job and are temporarily unemployed during the reporting period, but have officially retained their jobs.
II. Employees in their company:
1) employed persons, who were engaged in a certain activity for the purpose of earning income during the reporting period;
2) those who own an enterprise and do not work for any reason during the reporting period.
Employment itself is divided into 2 groups:
1) traditional employment, ie permanent employment during a full working week;
2) non-traditional (flexible) employment.
As a result of economic reforms in Uzbekistan's transition to a market economy, new forms and methods of employment have emerged. Flexible employment is an important indicator of the changing trend in the composition of the hired labor force. It is an integral part of the labor market and also includes a number of other elements:

• 
  functional flexibility (rotation of workers with a wide range of specialties);
  
• 
  flexible payment systems;
  
• 
  remote flexibility (work on the basis of subcontract system in small systems).
  

Employment is a key criterion for the economic and social development of any country. Because employment plays a key role in solving social problems in society, increasing economic labor productivity and living standards. Employment plays an important role in ensuring the stability of the country in improving professional skills.