G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi

Have we worked?
Have you worked?
Have they worked?
Og‘zaki nutqda odatda quyidagi qisqartirmalar ishlatiladi: I’ve, He’s,
She’s, It’s, We’ve, You’ve, They’ve, I haven’t, I’ve not, He hasn’t, He’s not,
She hasn’t, She’s not, It hasn’t, It’s not, We haven’t, We’ve not, You haven’t,
You’ve not, They haven’t, They’ve not.
HOZIRGI TUGALLANGAN ZAMONNING ISHLATILISHI
1. Present Perfect hozirdan oldin tugagan, natijasi ko‘z oldimizda
bo‘l gan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Ish-harakat ancha oldin
tugagan bo‘lishi mumkin, bunda asosiy e’tibor vaqtga emas, natijaga
qaratiladi.
I have broken my pencil.
Qalamimni sindirib qo‘ydim.
Has the secretary come? 
Kotiba keldimi?
www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi

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92
I have opened the window.

Men derazani ochdim.
I have not written my exercises.
Men mashqlarimni yozmadim.
My father has gone to Boston.
Mening otam Bostonga ketgan.
They have informed me of the time
of shipment of the goods.
Ular menga tovarlarni yuklash
vaqti haqida xabar berishdi.
2. Present Perfect bir necha marta takrorlangan ish-harakatni ifo-
dalaydi:
I have read that book twice.
Men u kitobni ikki marta o‘qigan-
man.
I have seen that fi lm three times.
Men u fi lmni uch marta ko‘rgan-
man.
3. Present Perfect ko‘pincha quyidagi ravishlar bilan ishlatiladi: ever 
biror vaqt, never hech qachon, often tez-tez, ko‘pincha, already allaqachon, 
yet hali, allaqachon, lately yaqinda, just hozirgina.
I have never read that book.
Men u kitobni hech qachon
o‘qiga nim yo‘q.
He hasn’t fi nished his work yet.
U hali ishini tugatgan emas.
I have often been there.
Men u yerda tez-tez bo‘lib
turardim.