G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi

Had + ega + P.P.?
Had I worked? Had he worked?
Bo‘lishli shakli
Bo‘lishsiz shakli
So‘roq shakli
I had worked
He (she, it) had worked
We had worked
You had worked
They had worked
I had not worked
He (she, it) had not wor ked
We had not worked
You had not worked
They had not worked
Had I worked?
Had he (she, it) worked?
Had we worked?
Had you worked?
Had they worked?
4. Og‘zaki nutqda quyidagi qisqartmalar ishlatiladi: I’d, He’d,
She’d, We’d, You’d, They’d, I hadn’t, I’d not, He hadn’t, He ’d not, She
hadn’t, She ’d not, It hadn’t, We hadn’t, We ’d not, You hadn’t, You ’d not,
They hadn’t, They ’d not.
O‘TGAN TUGALLANGAN ZAMONNING ISHLATILISHI
1. Past Perfect o‘tgan zamondagi biror vaqtdan oldin tamom bo‘l gan
ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. O‘tgan zamondagi bu vaqt quyidagicha beri lishi
mumkin:
a) by 5 o’clock soat beshgacha, by Saturday shanbagacha, by the 15
th

of December 15 dekabrgacha, by the end of the year yilning oxirigacha, 
by that time o‘sha vaqtgacha va boshqa vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari bilan:
www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi

---

---

95
We had translated the article by fi ve 

o’clock.
Biz soat beshgacha maqolani tar-
jima qilib bo‘ldik.
We had shipped the goods by that 
time.
O‘sha paytgacha biz mollarni yuk-
lab bo‘lgan edik.
By the end of the year we had learnt 
to speak French.
Yilning oxirigacha biz fransuzcha
gapirishni o‘rgandik.
b) Simple 
Past bilan ifodalangan o‘tgan zamondagi ikkinchi bir ish-
harakati bilan:
They had shipped the goods when 
your telegram arrived.
Sizning telegrammangiz kelgan-
da, ular mollarni yuklab bo‘lgan
edilar.
We sent him a telegram yesterday
as we had not received any letters
from him for a long time.
Biz unga telegramma jo‘natdik,
chunki undan ko‘pdan buyon xat-
xabar olmagan edik.
We had not reached the station
when it began to rain.
Yomg‘ir yog‘a boshlaganda biz
stansiyaga yetib bormagan edik.
They had not yet loaded the goods
when they received our telegram.
Ular bizning telegrammamizni
ol
ganlarida hali mollarni yuklab
bo‘lmagan edilar.
Ish-harakati sodir bo‘lgan vaqt Past Perfect ishlatilgan gapda emas,
boshqa gapda ham bo‘lishi mumkin:
As I was going to the station, it
began to rain. Fortunately, I had 
taken an umbrella and (had) put 
on a coat.
Stansiyaga borar ekanman yom-
g‘ir yog‘a boshladi. Baxtimga
soya
bon olgan va palto kiygan
ekan man.
I received a letter from my brother
yesterday. I had not heard from him
for a long time.
Men kecha akamdan xat oldim.
Men undan ko‘pdan buyon xat-xa-
bar olmagan edim.
2. Ikki yoki undan ortiq oldinma-ketin sodir bo‘lgan ish-harakat sodir
bo‘lish tartibida bayon qilinsa, hammasida Simple Past ishlatiladi:
He arrived at the Waterloo station,
took a taxi and drove to the hotel.
Then he went to the telegraph offi ce
and sent his wife a telegram.
U Voterlo vokzaliga yetib keldi,
taksi oldi va mehmonxonaga ket-
di. So‘ngra u telegrafga borib,
xotiniga telegramma jo‘natdi.
He came home late in the evening.
He had supper, read newspaper and
went to bed.
U uyiga kech keldi. Kechki ov qatini
yedi, gazeta o‘qidi va uxlagani yot-
di.
Bir nechta oldinma-ketin sodir bo‘lgan ish-harakatlarning bayon
etish tartibi buzilsa, birorta oldin sodir etilgan ish-harakat o‘zidan keyin
www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi

---

---

96
sodir etilgan ish-harakatdan keyin bayon etilsa, o‘sha ish-harakat Past