General microbiology

A. Indicate recent infection B. Penetrate placental barrier
C. Have the largest molecular weight
D. Are associated with anaphylactic reactions
E. Are the main factor of antiviral protection
147. Protective function of saliva is based on several mechanisms, including the presence of enzyme that has bactericidal action and causes lysis of complex capsular polysaccharides of staphylococci and streptococci. Name this enzyme:
A. Lysozyme B. β-glucuronidase C. Oligo-l,6-glucosidase
D. Collagenase E. α-amylase
148. A patient with clinical signs of a primary immunodeficiency has functionally disturbed mechanism of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells. What cells are likely to have structural defects?
A. T-Iymphocyte B. B-lymphocyte C. O-lymphocytes
D. Fibroblasts E. Macrophages, monocyte
149. Significant shortcoming of microscopy in infection diagnostics is its insufficient information value due to morphological similarity between many species of microorganisms. What immunoassay can significantly increase informativity of this method?
A. Fluorescence immunoassay. B. Radioimmunoassay.
C. Immune-enzyme assay. D. Coomb’s test. E. Opsonization.
150. First-year schoolchildren have received tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) at the school nurse’s office. The purpose of this test was:
A. To detect parotitis in schoolchildren
B. To measure allergization rate toward rickettsia
C. To measure immune stress toward diphtheria
D. To determine the children that need to receive BCG vaccination
E. To preventively vaccinate against tuberculosis
160. A toxin neutralized with 0.4% formaldehyde under 37-40°C for 4 weeks is used for
vaccination. This preparation was first used by Gaston Ramon for diphtheria
prevention. Name this preparation:
A. Immunoglobulin B. Anatoxin C. Antitoxic serum
D. Inactivated vaccine E. Adjuvant
170. Preventive vaccination against poliomyelitis is made with inactivated vaccine introduced parenterally. What immunoglobulins create the postvaccinal immunity in this case?
A. Serum. IgA, IgM B. IgE, IgM C. IgM, secretory IgA
D. IgM, IgG E. IgG, secretory IgA
180. The patient’s saliva has been tested for antibacterial activity. What saliva component has antibacterial properties?
A. Lysozyme B. Ceruloplasmin C. Cholesterol D. Parotin E. Amylase
181. A 10-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of fever, cough, and fatigue. He has been admitted to the hospital five times because of pneumonia. Attempts to induce immunity using a pneumococcal vaccine have failed. The first hospitalization was at the age of 12 months. Laboratory findings show marked reduction in all classes and subclasses of serum immunoglobulins. Which of the following immune cells is most likely to be reduced in the peripheral blood of this patients?
A. T-cells B. Neutrophils
C. Macrophages D. B-cells E. NK-cells
182. A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with Bruton’s disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) that manifests itself in severe clinical course of bacterial infections and absence of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. What changes of immunoglobulin content can be observed in blood serum of the child with immunodeficiency?