General microbiology

A. Typhoid fever B. Leptospirosis C. Tuberculosis
D. Dysentery E. Cholera
16. A 43-year-old man seeks evaluation at an emergency department with complaints of fever with chills, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain for over a week, diarrhea and loss of appetite. He says that his symptoms ard progressively getting worse. He recalls that the fever began slowly znd climbed its way up stepwise to the current 39.8°C. His blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. A physical exam reveals as coated tongue, enlarged spleen and rose spots on the abdomen. Serologic study shows the agglutinin O titer of 1:200 by the Widal test. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism for this patient’s condition?
A. Salmonella typhi B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
C. Leptospira interrogans D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
E. Vibrio cholera
17. After a celebratory dinner, several people, who were eating a cake with duck eggs cream, developed food poisoning. What genus of bacteria is the most likely cause of food poisoning in this case?
A. Salmonella B. Clostridium
C. Corynebacterium D. Yersinia E. Shigella
18. A man with suspected typhoid fever was admitted to the infectious diseases hospital on the 3^rd day of illness. What microbiological method should be used for diagnostics in this case?
A. Method of isolation of bile culture B. Method of isolation of the causative agent from CSF
C. Method of isolation of a blood culture D. Method of isolation of a stool culture
E. Method of isolation of a urine culture
19. A man has a case of epidemic typhus 5 years ago. After an acute respiratory viral disease, against the background of weakened immune system, he developed signs of typhus again. The exacerbation occurred because of the causative agents, remaining in his body. What type of infections is it?
A. Reinfection B. Co-infection C. Superinfection D. Secondary infection E. Relapse
20. Autopsy of the body revealed waxy degeneration of the rectus abdominis muscles. In the terminal segment of the small intestine the are ulcers 3-5 cm in diameter. The ulcer walls are covered in a crumbling gray-1yellow substance. The ulcer edges are moderately raised above the mucosa. Widal test is positive. Make the diagnosis:
A. Typhoid fever B. Nonspecific ulcerative colitis
C. Crohn’s disease D. Dysentery
E. Relapsing fever
Shigella
1. Autopsy of a 46-year-old man revealed multiple brown-and-green layers and hemmorhages on the mucous membrane of rectum and sigmoid colon; slime and some blood in colon lumen; histologically - fibrinous colitis. In course of bacteriological analysis of colon contents S.sonne were found. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Dysentery B. Cholera C. Salmonellosis
D. Yersiniosis E. Crohn’s disease
2. A patient has been suffering from diarrhea for 5 day. On the fifth day colonoscopy revealed that membrane of rectum was inflamed, there were greyish-green films closely adhering to the subjacent tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Dysentery B. Nonspecific ulcerous colitis
C. Typhoid fever D. Salmonellosis E. Crohn’s disease
3. A 71-year-old man had been presenting with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital in grave condition and died 2 days later. Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigella. What was the main disease?
A. Dysentery B. Typhoid fever C. Salmonellosis
D. Nonspecific ulcerous colitis E. Yersiniosis
4. A 28 y.o. man fell seriously ill, he feels chill, has got a fever, body temperature raised up to 38,5⁰C, paroxysmal pain in the left iliac region, frequent defecation in form of fluid bloody and mucous mass. Abdomen palpation reveals painfulness in its left half, sigmoid colon is spasmed. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Acute dysentery B. Amebiasis C. Colibacillosis
D. Nonspecific ulcerative colitis
E. Malignant tumors of large intestine
5. A 30-year-old patient complains of paroxysmal abdominal pain, frequent liquid stools up to 10 times a day. Throughout the first 3 days he had a fever, since the 2nd day of disease there were scant liquid stools mixed with mucus. On palpation: tenderness of all colon segments. Sigmoid colon was found spastic. What is your provisional diagnosis?
A. Acute dysentery B. Intestinal amebiasis
C. Salmonellosis D. Cholera E. Balantidiasis
6. A 6-year-old child complains of frequent liquid stool and vomiting. On the 2nd day of disease the child presented with inertness, temperature rise up to 38,2^oC, Ps- 150 bpm, scaphoid abdomen, palpatory painful sigmoid colon, defecation 10 times a day with liquid, scarce stool with mucus and streaks of green. What is a provisional diagnosis?
A. Shigellosis B. Salmonellosis C. Escherichiosis
D. Intestinal amebiasis E. Yersiniosis
7. An 8-year-old boy fell ill acutely: he presents with fever, weakness, headache, abdominal pain, recurrent vomiting, then diarrhea and tenesmus. Stools occur 12 times daily, are scanty, contain a lot of mucus, pus, streaks of blood. His sigmoid gut is tender and hardened. What is your diagnosis?
A. Dysentery B. Salmonellosis C. Cholera
D. Staphylococcal gastroenteritis E. Escherichiosis
8. A patient with suspected dysentery has been admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. Which basic method of laboratory diagnosis must be applied in the first place?
A. Bacteriological B. Serological C. Allergic
D. Biological E. Microscopic
9. A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
A. Bacteriological B. Biological C. Bacterioscopic
D. Serological E. Allergic
10. The infectious diseases department of a hospital admitted a patient with nausea, liquid stool with mucus and blood streaks, fever, weakness. Dysentery was suspected. What method of laboratory diagnostics should be applied to confirm the diagnosis?
A. Bacteriological B. Serological C. Mycological
D. Microscopic E. Protozoological
11. A patient diagnosed with acute dysentery has been treated for 3 days in an infectious diseases hospital. On admission there were complaints of high temperature, stomachache and fluid excrements with mucus as often as 8-10 times a day. What sample should be taken for analysis?
A. Feces B. Urine C. Bile D. Liquor E. Blood
12. A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?
A. Reinfection B. Recidivation C. Superinfection
D. Persisting infection E. Chronic infection
13. From the fecal sample of a patient Shigella sonne were isolated. What additional studies are required to identify the source of infection?
A. Phage-typing of the isolated pure culture
B. Antibiogram C. Precipitation reaction
D. Complement-fixation reaction E. Neutralization reaction
14. For the purpose of retrospective diagnostics of recent bacterial dysentery it was decided to perform serological examination of blood serum in order to determine antibody titer towards Shiga bacilli. What of the following reactions should be applied?
A. Passive hemagglutination B. Bordet-Gengou test
C. Precipitation D. Hemolysis E. Bacteriolysis
15. Retrospective diagnostics of bacterial dysentery involved serological analysis of blood serum intended for determination of Shigella antibody titer. Which of the following reactions should be applied for this purpose?
A. Passive haemagglutination B. Complement binding
C. Precipitation D. Haemolysis E. Bacteriolysis
16. Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigella. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
A. Reaction of passive hemagglutination
B. Bordet-Gengou test C. Precipitation reaction
D. Hemolysis reaction E. Bacteriolysis reaction
17. Antigens of Sonne shigella placed on the objects of outdoor environment and foodstuffs can be revealed by means of a certain test with application of a diagnostic test system that includes a polystyrene tray with adsorbed specific antibodies. What reaction is it?
A. Immune-enzyme assay B. Immunofluorescence test
C. Passive inverse hemagglutination test
D. Direct hemagglutination test E. Immunoelectrophoresis test
18. A patient has been diagnosed with bacillary dysentery. What drug of those listed below should be prescribed?
A. Amoxicillin B. Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
C. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (Isoniazid)
D. Itraconazole E. Acyclovir
19. Patient was admitted to the infection unit with diagnosis of bacterial dysentery. On laboratory studies it was revealed that causative element is sensitive to the many antimicrobial medicines, but patient has anemia. What medicine is contra-indicated to the patient?