General microbiology

A. Cholera B. Dysentery C. Salmonellosis
D. Typhoid fever E. Enterocolitis
10. A patient with marked manifestations of exsicosis died in the infectious disease hospital. Postmortem examination results: the corpse with contracted muscles, dry skin and mucous membranes, thick and dark blood in veins, edematous plethoric mucosa, distended bowel loops, the lumen contains about 4 liters of rice-water fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Cholera B. Enteric fever C. Dysentery
D. Anthrax, intestinal form E. Yersiniosis
11. Autopsy of a 42-year-old man revealed a distinctly dilated lumen of small intestine filled with rice-water-like liquid. The intestine wall was edematic with lots of petechial haemorrhages on the mucosa. What infectious disease is the described enteritis typical for?
A. Cholera B. Dysentery C. Salmonellosis
D. Amebiasis E. Typhoid fever
12. The disease began acutely. The frequent watery stool developed 6 hours ago. The body’s temperature is normal. Then the vomiting was joined. On examination: his voice is hoarse, eyes are deeply sunken in the orbits. The pulse is frequent. Blood pressure is low. There is no urine. What is the preliminary diagnosis?
A. Cholera B. Toxic food-borne infection
C. Salmonellosis D. Dysentery E. Typhoid fever
13. A man in grave condition was delivered to the admission ward of a hospital on the 2nd day of illness. Examination revealed body temperature of 36,1^oC, sharpened features of face, dry skin that makes a fold, aphonia, convulsive twitching of some muscle groups. Acrocyanosis is present. Heart sounds are muffled, Ps is 102 bpm, AP is 50/20mm Hg. Abdomen is soft, drawn-in, painless. Anuria is present. Stool is liquid in form of rice water. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Cholera B. Acute dysentery
C. Salmonellosis D. Escherichiosis E. Intestinal amebiasis
13. From the feces of a patient with acute gastroenteritis a pure culture of microorganisms was obtained. The microorganisms are small mobile slightly curved gram-negative bacilli that within 6 hours grow into a light blue film on the 1% alkaline peptone water. Such properties are characteristic of the following microorganism:
A. Bacillus B. Clostridium C. Spirochete D. Spirillum E. Vibrio
14. Initial inoculation of water in 1% peptone water resulted in growth of a thin film on the medium surface in 6 hours. Such cultural properties are characteristic of causative agent of the following disease:
A. Dysentery B. Pseudotuberculosis C. Tuberculosis D. Plague E. Cholera


Diphtheria
1. A child is presumably ill with diphtheria. A specimen of affected mucous membrane of his pharynx was taken for analysis. The smear was stained and microscopic examination revealed yellow rods with dark blue thickenings on their ends. What structural element of a germ cell was revealed in the detected microorganisms?